Stratigraphy of Lunar Craters

 

Don E. Wilhelms and Charles J. Byrne

 

January 23, 2009

 

 

 

Section

Title

Page

Introduction

 

2

Chapter 1

The Pre-Nectarian System

5

Chapter 2

The Nectarian System

14

Chapter 3

The Imbrian System, Lower Imbrian Series

30

Chapter 4

The Imbrian System, Upper Imbrian Series

33

Chapter 5

The Eratosthenian System

37

Chapter 6

The Copernican System

41

Chapter 7

Revised Strata Assignments

43

Appendix A

Lunar Craters Sorted by Name

A-1

Appendix B

Lunar Craters Sorted by LAC Chart

B-1


Introduction

 

In 1987 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published what is still the most complete assessment of the ages of lunar craters, The Geologic History of the Moon (GHM; USGS Professional Paper 1348, by Don Wilhelms and two expert contributors of special sections, John F. McCauley and Newell J. Trask).  Relative ages of lunar geologic units are determined in ways that are simple in principle if often difficult in practice.  Decades of work have established that almost all lunar craters were created by impacts and started their existence looking pretty much alike: a deep bowl surrounded by a rough raised rim that in turn is surrounded by radial ejecta ridges and secondary-impact craters.  Where this pattern is complete, the crater is probably younger than adjacent units.  Where the pattern is interrupted by another crater's ejecta or a flood of mare material, the interrupting unit is the younger.  A very powerful stratigraphic technique derives from the observation that the largest lunar features, the ringed impact basins, also display consistent patterns in their extensive ejecta deposits and secondary-crater fields.  A crater superposed anywhere on these is obviously younger than the basin.  Where a crater is striated or roughened by a basin's ejecta or is pockmarked by its secondaries, that crater is older than the basin. This is an especially valuable dating tool over wide areas.  Ejecta and mare units have also been dated relative to one another by counts of superposed smaller craters.  In the absence of good stratigraphic control, ages of craters are estimated from their morphologies: with time they lose their originally sharp features and steep slopes.

 

Age relations established by these simple observations on Earth-based, Lunar Orbiter, and Apollo photographs have been mapped over the whole Moon and unified into a stratigraphic column, a classification of the succession of deposited layers.  The ejecta blankets and secondary-crater fields of the Nectaris, Imbrium, and Orientale basins supply the main reference horizons.  Six main subdivisions of this column are defined or redefined in GHM and provide the organizing framework for the present contribution. 

 

By a convention long established for Earth geology, "system" refers to all the physical deposits formed during a period of geologic time, and "series" to all those formed within the subdivisions of a period called an "epoch".  The specific systems and series defined for the Moon are:

 

The pre-Nectarian System includes all deposits that are older than the Nectaris Basin. 

The Nectarian System includes the Nectaris Basin and all other basins and craters up to but not including the Imbrium Basin.

The Lower Imbrian Series is bounded below and above by the Imbrium and Orientale basins, respectively, and also includes everything formed in between (the spelling Imbrium refers to the physical basin and Imbrian to age and stratigraphic position).

The Upper Imbrian Series includes deposits younger than Orientale but older than the mare basalts sampled by Apollo 12.

The Eratosthenian System includes those basalts and other mare- and crater materials up to a roughly estimated age of 1.1 aeons (billion years).

The Copernican System fills out the recent lunar geologic record.

 

The tables in the present document supplement and update GHM.  Ages of craters 30 km and larger in diameter are summarized in GHM on six two-part color plates, part A for the nearside and B for the farside.  Each of the six plates is devoted to one of the systems or series.  The main contribution of our document is to give the names and coordinates of the craters mapped on the plates, especially the many on the crowded pre-Nectarian and Nectarian plates that were mapped but could not be named for lack of space. For now, only the 60 km pre-Nectarians are listed in these tables because of doubts about the ages of smaller ones.  Following are the correspondences between the GHM plates and the chapters in our document:

 

GHM Plate

Chapter

System

Series

Age

 

 

 

 

 

6

1

Pre-Nectarian

 

>3.92 aeons

7

2

Nectarian

 

3.92-3.84 aeons

8

3

Imbrian

Lower Imbrian

3.84-3.8 aeons

9

4

Imbrian

Upper Imbrian

3.8-3.2 aeons

10

5

Eratosthenian

 

3.2-1.1 aeons

11

6

Copernican

 

<1.1 aeons

 

The absolute ages (an aeon is one billion years) are those accepted in GHM from calibrations of the relative stratigraphy with radiometric dates measured on samples returned from the Moon.

 

Each chapter contains two tables, one for the nearside craters and one for the farside. The "Comments"  in the last column of the tables correct some errors, state remaining uncertainties, present a few new findings, note name changes, and describe some important superposition relations between craters and basins.  The Nectarian tables, for example, contain many comments in the form  "Younger than basin X"  or  "Older than basin Y" .  These reflect the fact that the Nectarian System includes a number of basins that have been ranked stratigraphically (and potentially could subdivide the system).   "Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta" is a frequent comment as well.  These relations are portrayed on the GHM plates as follows:

 

Craters are mapped as circles, solid black if exposed.

If a crater is covered by a unit of ejecta or mare material belonging to the same system or series as the crater, its color is that of the overlying unit.

If not colored, the overlying unit belongs to a younger age category than the crater and is mapped in color on one of the higher-numbered plates.

 

Important examples are the large blank areas on both the pre-Nectarian and Nectarian plates (6 and 7, respectively), that correspond to the ejecta blankets of the Imbrium and Orientale basins; these are Lower Imbrian and thus mapped in color on Plate 8.  Nectarian basins mapped in color on Plate 7 add to the blank areas of the pre-Nectarian plate. 

 

Most positions and sizes given in our tables were originally compiled at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, by Leif Andersson and Ewen Whitaker (NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature, NASA Reference Publication 1097, 1982).  Some comments in our tables reflect nomenclature used by NASA. Some of these names were changed or modified by subsequent actions of the International Astronomical Union (IAU).  The complete IAU list includes a very large number of names, some for craters as small  as 1 km in diameter. The  NASA  system includes lettered names of  satellitic  craters arrayed around a patronymic, an easily workable system initiated by Johann Mädler in the 19th century and developed and refined by Ewen Whitaker.  The Andersson-Whitaker positions and names have been recompiled in The Clementine Atlas of the Moon (by Ben Bussey and Paul Spudis, Cambridge University Press, 2004).  The USGS Web page (http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/) also gives the positions and sizes for the named craters and the lettered ones of the catalog (a recent addition). This web site lists the lettered craters as "satellite features". It also identifies the people (mostly scientists) for whom the craters are named.  It includes the diverse diacritical marks that are important in many names but are absent from the Andersson-Whitaker and Clementine lists.  Our tables give both the current and superseded names where necessary, as clarified in the Comments column.  Some craters listed in the tables do not appear in the NASA, USGS, or Clementine lists but were found on one of the airbrushed charts published by various agencies that were used in the preparation of GHM; this is the meaning of the comment  "not in catalog".

 

The very useful Clementine atlas is conveniently organized. The Clementine images and airbrushed charts are displayed in 144 two-page sections, each based on one of the 1:1,000,000-scale charts originally planned early in the Space Age by the U.S. Air Force Aeronautical Chart and Information Center (ACIC) to cover the whole Moon.  One of the Clementine pages shows the Clementine orbital image of each Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) area and the other a redrawing of the LAC, with feature names.  The Clementine gazetteer and our tables refer to the LAC on which each crater is depicted.  The LAC numbers for lettered names in the catalog and the Clementine atlas sometimes refer to the LAC on which their patronymic crater appears. These have often been changed in our tables to designate the LAC for the specific lettered crater.  In a few cases corrections have been made to the designated LAC number.

 

GHM and this contribution are progress reports.  Even now, fifty years after it was first imaged by spacecraft and after intense study by the United States and the Soviet Union, the Moon awaits good imaging over its whole surface; Mars has been better imaged.  Scientifically oriented books such as GHM contain good selections of Lunar Orbiter and Apollo photographs, but not full coverage.  Selected Lunar Orbiter photographs have recently been reprocessed and presented by Charles Byrne in two books: Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Near Side of the Moon (Springer, 2005) and The Far Side of the Moon: A Photographic Guide (Springer, 2008).  Clementine imaging improved considerably over Lunar Orbiter at high latitudes but was degraded by high sun illumination at low latitudes.  We await better photos from the spacecraft of several countries that are now orbiting or soon to be launched.

 

In addition to the tables for each of the plates in the GHM, there is a table in Chapter 7 that lists craters whose stratagraphic assignment has been changed from that in the GHM because of new understanding, new images from Clementine, or reconsideration. Appendix A lists all of the craters documented in the main body in alphabetical order, with their coordinates, LAC charts, strata and comments; it serves as an index for the main body. Appendix B lists the craters sorted by their LAC chart numbers, so that all the craters centered in each LAC are grouped together with their strata and comments. This appendix is intended to aid in comparison of the topography of craters of different ages.


 Chapter 1. The Pre-Nectarian System

 

Table 1.1 Pre-Nectarian System, Nearside, Plate 6A

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam. (km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abel

34.5 S

87.3 E

122

116

 

Abel M

32.2 S

83.6 E

81

116

 

Alexander

40.3 N

13.5 E

81

26

 

Amundsen A

 

 

 

144

Renamed Hêdervâri

Anaximander

66.9 N

51.3 W

67

2

 

Anaximander B

67.8 N

60.7 W

78

2

 

Anaximander D

65.4 N

50.1 W

92

2

 

Anaximenes

72.5 N

44.5 W

80

2

 

Arnold

66.8 N

35.9 E

94

4

 

Babbage

59.7 N

57.1 W

143

10

 

Babbage D

58.6 N

61.0 W

68

10

 

Baco

51.0 S

19.1 E

69

127

Probably Nectarian; should be shown on Plate 7A, not 6A

Baillaud

74.6 N

37.5 E

89

4

 

Balboa

19.1 N

83.2 W

69

37

Probably Nectarian; should be shown on Plate 7A, not 6A

Balboa B

20.3 N

82.3 W

62

37

 

Balmer

20.3 S

69.8 E

138

98

Name is on LAC 99

Barnard

29.5 S

85.6 E

105

99

Possibly Nectarian

Barrow

71.3 N

7.7 E

92

3

Possibly Nectarian

Birmingham

65.1 N

10.5 W

92

3

 

Boguslawsky

72.9 S

43.2 E

97

138

 

Boguslawsky B

73.9 S

61.0 E

63

139

 

Bohr

12.4 N

86.6 W

71

55

 

Bonpland

8.3 S

17.4 W

60

76

 

Boole

63.7 N

87.4 W

63

21

 

Boole H

61.6 N

88.9 W

75

21

 

Boussingault

70.2 S

54.6 E

142

138

 

Boussingault E

67.2 S

46.8 E

98

138

 

Brenner

39.0 S

39.3 E

97

114

 

Brianchon

75.0 N

86.2 W

134

9

 

Brisbane Z

52.8 S

72.4 E

64

129

 

Byrd

85.3 N

9.8 E

93

1

 

Casatus

72.8 S

29.5 W

108

137

 

Clairaut

47.7 S

13.9 E

75

113

 

Curtius D

64.8 S

8.1 E

61

137

 

Cuvier

50.3 S

9.9 E

75

126

 

Darwin

20.2 S

69.5 W

120

92

 

Davy Y

11.0 S

7.1 W

70

77

 

De La Rue

59.1 N

52.3 E

134

14

 

De Sitter L

78.8 N

34.5 E

69

4

 

Desargues

70.2 N

73.3 W

85

2

 

Deslandres

33.1 S

4.8 W

256

112

Name is on LAC 95

Drebbel E

38.1 S

51.3 W

65

110

 

Drygalski

79.3 S

84.9 W

149

143

 

Eddington

21.3 N

72.2 W

118

37

 

Einstein

16.3 N

88.7 W

198

37

 

Endymion J

53.5 N

50.7 E

67

14

 

Encke T

3.4 N

38.0 W

91

57

May not be a crater

Euclides P

4.5 S

27.6 W

66

76

 

Euctemon

76.4 N

31.3 E

62

4

 

Faraday

42.4 S

8.7 E

69

112

 

Fernelius

38.1 S

4.9 E

65

112

 

Flammarion

3.4 S

3.7 W

74

77

 

Flamsteed P

3.2 S

44.1 W

112

75

Possibly Nectarian

Fra Mauro

6.1 S

17.0 W

101

76

 

Fraunhofer J

42.4 S

63.6 E

63

115

 

Furnerius

36.0 S

60.6 E

135

115

 

Gärtner

59.1 N

34.6 E

115

13

 

Gauricus

33.8 S

12.6 W

79

112

 

Gemma Frisius

34.2 S

13.3 E

87

113

 

Gemma Frisius A

35.8 S

15.2 E

68

113

 

Gerard

44.5 N

80 W

90

22

 

Gilbert

3.2 S

76.0 E

112

81

 

Gill

63.9 S

75.9 E

66

129

 

Goldschmidt

73.2 N

3.8 W

113

3

 

Grimaldi

5.5 S

68.3 W

172

74

 

Gruemberger

66.9 S

10.0 W

93

137

 

Guericke

11.5 S

14.1 W

63

76

 

Hagecius

59.8 S

46.6 E

76

128

 

Hagecius A

58.2 S

47.2 E

61

128

 

Harlan

38.5 S

79.5 E

65

115

 

Hartwig

6.1 S

80.5 W

79

73

 

Hecataeus B

19.5 S

75.6 E

69

99

 

Hecataeus K

19.1 S

79.8 E

76

99

 

Hêdervâri

81.8 S

84.0 E

69

144

Formerly Amundsen A

Hedin

2.0 N

76.5 W

150

55

 

Hedin A

5.5 N

78.1 W

60

55

 

Heinsius

39.5 S

17.7 W

64

111

 

Helmholtz

68.1 S

64.1 E

94

139

 

Heraclitus

49.2 S

6.2 E

90

126

 

Hermite

86.0 N

89.9 W

104

1

 

Hipparchus

5.1 S

5.2 E

138

77

 

Hommel

54.7 S

33.8 E

126

127

 

J. Herschel

62.0 N

42.0 W

165

11

 

Jacobi

56.7 S

11.4 E

68

127

 

Janssen

13.5 N

28.7 E

23

60

 

Julius Caesar

9.0 N

15.4 E

90

60

Possibly Nectarian

Käastner

6.8 S

78.5 E

108

81

 

Kiess

6.4 S

84.0 E

63

81

 

Klaproth

69.8 S

26.0 W

119

137

 

La Caille

23.8 S

1.1 E

67

95

 

Lagalla

44.6 S

22.5 W

85

111

 

Lagrange

32.3 S

72.8 W

225

109

 

Lagrange R

31.3 S

76.5 W

130

91

Covered by Orientale Basin ejecta; may not be crater

Lamarck

22.9 S

69.8 W

100

92

 

Lamarck D

25.0 S

74.1 W

131

91

 

Lavoisier

38.2 N

81.2 W

70

22

Possibly Nectarian or younger

Le Gentil

74.6 S

75.7 W

128

136

May not be a crater

Legendre

28.9 S

70.2 E

78

99

 

Legendre K

29.8 S

72.8 E

90

99

 

Licetus

47.1 S

6.7 E

74

112

 

Longomontanus Z

50.0 S

18.7 W

95

126

 

Lyot

49.8 S

84.5 E

132

129

 

Lyot H

51.4 S

78.2 E

63

129

 

Lyot L

54.4 S

83.1 E

70

129

 

Maestlin R

3.5 N

41.5 W

61

57

 

Maginus

50.5 S

6.3 W

194

126

 

Malapert

84.9 S

12.9 E

69

144

 

Manzinus

67.7 S

26.8 E

98

138

 

Mee

43.7 S

35.3 W

126

111

 

Messala

39.2 N

60.5 E

125

28

 

Meton

73.6 N

18.8 E

130

4

 

Meton C

70.6 N

19.0 E

77

4

 

Meton D

72.2 N

24.7 E

78

4

 

Montanari

45.8 S

20.6 W

76

111

 

Mouchez

78.3 N

26.6 W

81

3

 

Murchison

5.1 N

0.1 W

57

59

 

Mutus

63.6 S

30.1 E

77

127

 

Nansen F

84.7 N

60.0 E

62

1

 

Nasmyth

50.5 S

56.2 W

76

124

 

Nearch

58.5 S

39.1 E

75

127

 

Newton A

79.7 S

19.7 W

64

137

 

Newton G

78.2 S

18.3 W

67

137

 

Nonius

34.8 S

3.8 E

69

112

 

Oenopides

57.0 N

64.1 W

67

10

 

Orontius

40.6 S

4.6 W

105

112

 

Parrot

14.5 S

3.3 E

70

77

 

Peary

88.6 N

33.0 E

73

1

 

Peirescius

46.5 S

67.6 E

61

115

 

Petermann R

75.0 N

56.7 E

115

5

 

Phillips D

25 S

70.8 E

61

99

 

Phillips W

25.3 S

72.8 E

63

99

 

Philolaus C

71.1 N

32.7 W

95

3

 

Philolaus D

73.9 N

27.8 W

91

3

 

Philolaus G

69.0 N

23.6 W

95

3

 

Piazzi

36.6 S

67.9 W

134

109

 

Pictet

43.6 S

7.4 W

62

112

 

Pictet E

41.3 S

7.7 W

70

112

 

Playfair G

24.2 S

6.7 E

94

95

 

Poncelet

75.8 N

54.1 W

69

2

 

Poncelet C

77.4 N

73.7 W

67

2

 

Pontecoulant F

57.4 S

67.7 E

60

128

 

Ptolemaeus

9.3 S

1.9 W

164

77

 

Purbach

25.5 S

2.3 W

115

95

 

Rabbi Levi

34.7 S

23.6 E

81

113

 

Rayleigh

29.3 N

89.6 E

114

45

 

Regiomontanus

28.3 S

1.0 W

108

95

 

Repsold

51.3 N

78.6 W

109

10

Possibly Nectarian

Repsold C

48.9 N

73.6 W

133

10

Possibly Nectarian

Riccioli

3.3 S

74.6 W

139

73

Possibly Nectarian

Riccius

36.9 S

26.5 E

71

113

 

Riemann

38.9 N

86.8 E

163

29

 

Rosenberger

55.4 S

43.1 E

95

128

 

Rothmann G

28.4 S

24.3 E

92

96

 

Russsell

26.5 N

75.4 W

103

37

 

Sacrobosco

23.7 S

16.7 E

98

96

 

Sasserides

39.1 S

9.3 W

90

112

 

Scheiner

60.5 S

27.5 W

110

125

Possibly Nectarian

Schickard

44.3 S

55.3 W

206

110

 

Schiller H

50.8 S

37.7 W

66

125

 

Schorr A

20.5 S

88.4 E

64

99

Should be on Plate 6A, not 7A

Schumacher

42.4 N

60.7 E

60

28

Not on Plate 6A

Scott

82.1 S

48.5 E

103

144

 

Segner

58.9 S

48.3 W

67

125

 

Short

74.6 S

7.3.0 W

70

137

 

Short B

75.5 S

5.0 W

71

137

 

Simpelius

7.03 S

15.2 E

70

138

 

Sirsalis E

8.1 S

56.5 W

72

74

 

Sirsalis Z

10.7 S

61.9 W

91

74

 

South

58.0 N

50.8 W

104

10

 

Stöfler

41.1 S

6.0 E

126

112

 

Stöfler J

42.2 S

2.4 E

76

112

 

Struve

22.4 N

77.1 W

164

37

Possibly Nectarian

Thebit P

24.0 S

5.7 W

78

95

Flooded by Mare Nubium; may not be a crater

Vega

45.4 S

63.4 E

75

115

 

Vendelinus

16.4 S

61.6 E

131

98

 

Vlacq

53.3 S

38.8 E

89

127

 

Volta

53.9 N

84.4 W

123

21

 

W. Bond

65.4 N

4.5 E

156

3

 

Walther

33.1 S

1.0 E

128

112

Not on Plate 6A (see entry in Table 2.1)

Weiss

31.8 S

19.5 W

66

94

Flooded by Mare Nubium; may not be a crater

Wichmann R

6.6 S

39.0 W

62

75

 

Wilhelm

43.4 S

20.4 W

106

111

 

Wilson

69.2 S

42.4 W

69

136

 

Wurzelbauer

33.9 S

15.9 W

88

111

 

Xenophanes

57.5 N

82.0 W

125

21

 

Young

41.5 S

50.9 E

71

114

 

Zagut

32.0 S

22.1 E

84

113

 

 

 


 

Table 1.2 Pre-Nectarian System, Farside, Plate 6B

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam. (km)

LAC

Comment

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aitken C

14.0 S

175.8 E

74

86

 

Alekhin

68.2 S

131.3 W

70

142

 

Al-Khwarizmi B

9.0 N

107.4 E

62

64

 

Al-Khwarizmi G

6.9 N

107.1 E

95

64

 

Alter

18.7 N

107.5 W

64

54

 

Amici M

11.8 S

171.9 W

105

86

 

Amici U

8.7 S

175.5 W

96

86

 

Apollo

36.1 S

151.8 W

537

121

 

Artamonov

25.5 N

103.5 E

60

46

 

Artem'ev G

10.3 N

142.8 W

60

70

 

Ashbrook

81.4 S

112.5 W

156

144

 

Avicenna

39.7 N

97.2 W

74

36

 

Avogardo

63.1 N

164.9 E

139

18

 

Babcock

4.2 N

93.9 E

99

64

 

Babcock H

3.0 N

96.5 E

63

64

 

Barbier

23.8 S

157.9 E

66

103

Likely to be Nectarian: should be on Plate 7B, not 6B

Becquerel

40.7 N

129.7 E

65

30

 

Bĕcvář

2.9 S

124.5 E

67

83

 

Beijerinck

13.5 S

151.8 E

70

85

 

Berlage

63.2 S

162.8 W

92

133

 

Birkhoff

58.7 N

146.1 W

345

19

 

Birkhoff X

62.1 N

149.7 W

77

19

 

Blackett

37.5 S

116.1 W

141

122

 

Boltzmann

81.4 S

112.5 W

76

143

 

Bolyai

33.6 S

125.9 E

135

117

 

Bolyai L

36.3 S

126.2 E

73

117

 

Bragg

42.5 N

102.9 W

84

36

 

Brashear P

76.8 S

175.7 W

71

141

 

Bronk

26.1 N

134.5 W

64

52

 

Brouwer

36.2 S

126.0 W

158

122

Partly covered by Orientale ejecta, likely pre-Nectarian, possibly Nectarian: should be shown on Plate 6A, not 7A

Buisson Z

0.0 S

112.5 E

98

83

 

Cabannes

60.9 S

169.6 W

80

133

Name is on LAC 132

Cajori

47.4 S

168.8 E

70

119

 

Campbell

45.3 N

151.4 E

219

31

 

Carver M

45.0 S

126.8 E

76

117

 

Chandler

43.8 N

171.5 E

85

32

 

Chapman

50.4 N

100.7 W

71

21

 

Chappell

54.7 N

177.0 W

80

18

 

Chauvenet J

13.9 S

139.3 E

77

84

 

Chretien

45.9 S

162.9 E

88

119

 

Chretien C

44.5 S

165.3 E

63

119

 

Cockcroft

31.3 N

162.6 W

93

51

 

Comrie K

22.1 N

112.3 W

73

53

 

Comstock

21.8 N

121.5 W

72

53

 

Crommelin

68.1 S

146.9 W

94

142

 

Curie

22.9 S

91.0 E

151

100

 

Cyrano

20.5 S

157.7 E

80

103

Possibly Nectarian

Daedalus C

4.1 S

178.9 W

68

86

 

Daedalus W

3.5 S

177.5 E

70

86

 

Danjon X

10.0 S

122.8 E

65

83

 

Debye

49.6 N

176.2 W

142

18

 

Dellinger

6.8 S

140.6 E

81

84

 

Denning R

17.2 S

141.2 E

72

102

 

Deutsch

24.1 N

110.5 E

66

47

 

Duner

44.8 N

179.5 E

62

33

 

Dyson Q

59.8 N

125.7 W

89

20

 

Edison

25 N

99.1 E

62

46

 

Elvey

8.8 N

100.5 W

74

72

 

Emden

63.3 N

177.3 W

111

18

 

Engelhardt B

8.3 N

157.7 W

136

69

 

Eötvös

35.5 S

133.8 E

99

118

 

Erro

5.7 N

98.5 E

61

64

 

Esnault-Pelterie

47.7 N

141.4 W

79

34

 

Espin

28.1 N

109.1 E

75

46

 

Evans

9.5 S

133.5 W

67

88

 

Evans Q

11.2 S

136.4 W

137

88

 

Evershed

35.7 N

159.5 W

66

33

 

Fabry

42.9 N

100.7 E

184

29

 

Fermi

19.3 S

122.6 E

183

101

 

Firsov S

3.6 N

109.8 E

96

64

Name is on LAC 65

Fizeau S

58.7 S

139.9 W

62

134

 

Florensky

25.3 N

131.5 E

71

48

Formerly Vernadskiy B

Fowler

42.3 N

145.0 W

146

34

 

Fridman (Friedmann)

12.6 S

126.0W

 

89

Should be shown on Plate 6B, not 9B

Frost

37.7 N

118.4 W

75

35

Possibly Nectarian

Gagarin

20.2 S

149.2 E

265

102

 

Galois

14.2 S

151.9 W

222

87

 

Galois Q

15.2 S

154.7 W

132

87

 

Garavito

47.5 S

156.7 E

74

119

 

Gregory

2.2 N

127.2 E

67

65

 

Gregory Q

0.6 N

125.7 E

68

65

 

Guyot

11.4 N

117.5 E

92

65

 

H. G. Wells

40.7 N

122.8 E

114

30

 

Harkhebi

39.6 N

98.3 E

237

29

 

Heaviside

10.4 S

167.1 E

165

85

 

Heaviside K

13.3 S

168.5 E

110

85

 

Helberg C

23.4 N

100.6 W

70

54

 

Henyey

13.5 N

151.6 W

63

69

 

Hess

54.3 S

174.6 E

88

132

 

Hess Z

52.0 S

174.0 E

73

132

 

Hirayama

6.1 S

93.5 E

132

82

 

Houzeau

17.1 S

123.5 W

71

107

 

Ibn Firnas

6.8 N

122.3 E

89

65

 

Icarus D

4.3 S

171.2 W

68

86

 

Idel'son

81.5 S

110.9 E

60

144

 

Isaev

17.5 S

147.5 E

90

102

 

Jeans

55.8 S

91.4 E

79

129

 

Jeans N

58.7 S

90.5 E

64

129

 

Joliot

25.8 N

93.1 E

164

46

Possibly Nectarian

Joule L

26.1 N

144.1 W

69

52

 

Jules Verne

35.0 S

147.0 E

143

118

 

Keeler L

13.3 S

163.2 E

71

85

 

Kidinnu E

36.3 N

124.5 E

60

30

 

Klute

37.2 N

141.3 W

75

34

 

Koch

42.8 S

150.1 E

95

118

 

Kondratyuk

14.9 S

115.5 E

108

83

 

Kramers

53.6 N

127.6 W

61

20

 

Krylov A

38.9 N

165.1 W

63

33

 

Kugler

53.8 S

103.7 E

65

130

 

Lamb G

43.2 S

105.9 E

69

116

 

Lampland

31.0 S

131.0 E

65

102

 

Landau

41.6 N

118.1 W

214

35

 

Langemak N

12.9 S

119.0 E

126

83

 

Laue

28.0 N

96.7 W

87

54

Possibly Nectarian

Lebedev

47.3 S

107.8 E

102

117

 

Leeuwenhoek E

28.2 S

176.7 W

117

104

 

Leibnitz

38.3 S

179.2 E

245

120

 

Leucippus Q

25.9 N

118.8 W

84

53

 

Levi-Civita

23.7 S

143.4 E

121

102

 

Lippmann

56.0 S

114.9 W

160

134

 

Lodygin G

 

 

 

106

Renamed Sternfeld

Lorentz

32.6 N

95.3 W

312

36

 

Love

6.3 S

129.0 E

84

83

 

Lundmark

39.7 S

152.5 E

106

118

 

Mach

18.5 N

149.3 W

180

52

 

Mandel'shtam

5.4 N

162.4 E

197

67

 

McLaughlin

47.1 N

92.9 W

79

36

 

McLaughlin C

48.5 N

91.9 W

60

21

 

Mees Y

15.7 N

96.6 W

85

72

 

Mezentsev

72.1 N

128.7 W

89

8

 

Mezentsev M

68.7 N

126.8 W

74

8

 

Milne

31.4 S

112.2 E

272

101

 

Milne P

37.1 S

107.7 E

95

117

 

Milne Q

34.3 S

107.3 E

75

117

 

Mineur

25 N

161.3 W

73

51

 

Minkowski

56.5 S

146.0 W

113

133

 

Minnaert

67.8 S

179.6 E

125

141

 

Mitra

18.0 N

154.7 W

92

51

 

Montgolfier

47.3 N

159.8 W

88

33

 

Morozov F

5.4 N

130.0 E

60

65

 

Moseley

20.9 N

90.1 W

90

54

Named on LAC 37

Nassau D

23.7 S

179.2 W

62

104

 

Nassau F

24.7 S

179.2 E

112

104

 

Necho P

6.8 S

122.0 E

75

83

 

Nishina

44.6 S

170.4 W

65

120

 

Olivier N

56.7 N

137.1 E

63

17

 

Omar Khayyam

58.0 N

102.1 W

70

21

 

Oresme

42.4 S

169.2 E

76

119

 

Oresme U

41.6 S

164.8 E

84

119

 

Orlov Y

22.8 S

175.1 W

126

104

 

Ostwald

10.4 N

121.9 E

104

65

 

Pannekoek

4.2 S

140.5 E

71

84

 

Pannekoek R

5.4 S

138.3 E

71

84

 

Paracelsus

23.0 S

163.1 E

83

103

 

Paracelsus E

23.0 S

167.2 E

66

103

 

Paracelsus P

24.9 S

161.7 E

63

103

 

Paraskevopoulos

50.4 N

149.9 W

94

19

 

Paraskevopoulos S

49.1 N

154.9 W

67

19

 

Parenago

25.9 N

108.5 W

93

54

 

Parkhurst

33.4 S

103.6 E

96

116

 

Paschen

13.5 S

139.8 W

124

88

 

Pasteur

11.9 S

104.6 E

224

82

 

Pavlov M

32.3 S

141.8 E

74

118

 

Perepelkin

10.0 S

129.0 E

97

83

 

Planck

57.9 S

136.8 E

314

131

 

Planck Z

56.4 S

135.2 E

72

131

 

Poczobutt

57.1 N

98.8 W

195

21

 

Poincaré

56.7 S

163.6 E

319

132

 

Poinsot

79.5 N

145.7 W

68

8

 

Polzunov

25.3 N

114.6 E

67

47

 

Popov

17.2 N

99.7 E

65

46

 

Prager

3.9 S

130.5 E

60

84

 

Prager G

4.6 S

134.0 E

76

84

 

Richardson

31.1 N

100.5 E

141

46

Name is on LAC 29

Roberts

71.1 N

174.5 W

89

7

 

Röntgen

33.0 N

91.4 W

126

36

 

RozhdestvenskIy

85.2 N

155.4 W

177

1

 

RozhdestvenskIy W

84.8 N

137.2 E

75

1

 

Rumford T

28.6 S

172.1 E

108

104

 

Rynin

47.0 N

103.5 W

75

36

 

Saenger B

5.6 N

103.1 E

64

64

 

Saha C

1.4 N

107.8 E

64

64

 

Schlesinger

47.4 N

138.6 W

97

34

 

Schlesinger B

51.4 N

134.9 W

66

20

 

Seares

73.5 N

145.8 E

110

7

 

Seidel

32.8 S

152.2 E

62

118

 

Shayn

32.6 N

172.5 E

93

32

 

Shternberg

19.5 N

116.3 W

70

53

 

Sniadecki Q

23.0 S

170.1 W

77

104

 

St. John

10.2 N

150.2 E

68

67

Named on 66

Stebbins

64.8 N

141.8 W

131

8

 

Stefan

46.0 N

108.3 W

125

36

 

Sternfeld

19.6 S

141.2 W

100

106

Formerly Ladygin G

Stetson

39.6 S

118.3 W

64

122

 

Störmer C

58.3 N

150.6 E

61

17

 

Subbotin

29.2 S

135.3 E

67

102

 

Szilard

34.0 N

105.7 E

122

29

 

Teisserenc

32.2 N

135.9 W

62

34

 

Thiessen

75.4 N

169.0 W

66

8

 

Thomson

32.7 S

166.2 E

117

119

 

Thomson M

35.7 S

166.0 E

119

119

 

Tikhomirov

25.2 N

162.0 E

65

49

 

Tikhov

62.3 N

171.7 E

83

18

 

Titius

26.8 S

100.7 E

73

100

 

Tsander

6.2 N

149.3 W

181

70

 

Van der Waals

43.9 S

119.9 E

104

117

 

Van Maanen

35.7 N

128.0 E

60

30

 

Van't Hoff

62.1 N

131.8 W

92

20

 

Ventris

4.9 S

158.0 E

95

85

 

Vernadskiy B

 

 

 

48

Renamed Florensky

Vernadskiy X

25.9 N

129.0 E

64

47

 

Vertregt

19.8 S

171.1 E

187

104

 

Vestine

33.9 N

93.9 E

96

29

 

Vetchinkin

10.2 N

131.3 E

98

66

 

von Bekesy

51.9 N

126.8 E

96

16

 

Von Karman

44.8 S

175.9 E

180

119

 

Von Kármán M

47.2 S

176.2 E

225

119

Name is on LAC 132

Von Zeipel

42.6 N

141.6 W

83

34

 

Watson

62.6 S

124.5 W

62

134

 

Weyl

17.5 N

120.2 W

108

53

 

Wiener K

39.3 N

147.8 E

101

31

 

Wilsing

21.5 S

155.2 W

73

105

 

Winlock M

32.3 N

106.0 W

68

36

 

Wyld

1.4 S

98.1 E

93

82

 

Yablochkov

60.9 N

128.3 E

99

16

 

Yamamoto

58.1 N

160.9 E

76

18

 

Zhiritsky F

24.9 S

121.6 E

75

101

 

Zsigmondy S

59.7 N

106.7 W

64

21

 

Zwicky

15.4 S

168.1 E

150

85

Name is on LAC 103


Chapter 2. The Nectarian System

 

In the Nectarian System, two groups of basins help to define the system. Group 1 is relatively old: the Korolev and Moscoviense basins are within this group. If a crater judged to be in the Nectarian System is overlain by either of these basins, it may possibly be pre-Nectarian, but it is not Lower Imbrian. On the other hand, if a crater judged to be Nectarian overlies one of the basins of the younger Group 2 (Crisium, Hertzsprung, Humboldtianum, or Mendeleev), it is possibly Lower Imbriam, but is not pre-Nectarian. When a crater is partly covered by Imbrian ejecta (typically from either the Imbrium Basin or the Orientale Basin) it is difficult to judge its proper system. Of course, if it is partly covered by Imbrium ejecta it cannot be younger than Nectarian, and if partly covered by Orientale ejecta, it cannot be younger than Lower Imbriam, but still can be judged to be Nectarian.

 

Table 2.1 Nectarian System, Nearside, Plate 7A

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam. (km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abel B

36.7 S

82.8 E

41

116

 

Abel L

34.4 S

82.6 E

67

116

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Abulfeda

13.8 S

13.9 E

65

78

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Adams

31.9 S

68.2 E

66

98

 

Agatharchides P

20.2 S

28.7 W

66

94

Flooded by mare

Albategnius

11.7 S

4.3 E

114

77

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Aliacensis

30.6 S

5.2 E

79

95

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Almanon

16.8 S

15.2 E

49

96

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Alphonsus

13.7 S

3.2 W

108

77

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Amundsen

84.3 S

85.6 E

101

144

 

Ansgarius

12.7 S

79.7 E

94

81

Younger than  Crisium Basin

Apianus

26.9 S

7.9 E

63

95

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Apollonius

4.5 N

61.1 E

53

62

Younger than Crisium Basin

Aston

32.9 N

87.7 W

43

36

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Azophi

22.1 S

12.7 E

47

96

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Baco

51.0 S

19.1 E

69

127

Possibly Pre-Nectarian

Baco A

52.8 S

20.2 E

39

127

 

Baco B

49.5 S

16.6 E

43

127

 

Bailly

66.5 S

69.1 W

287

136

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Bailly A

69.3 S

59.5 W

38

136

 

Bailly B

68.8 S

63.1 W

65

136

 

Balboa

19.1 N

83.2 W

69

37

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta, possibly pre-Nectarian

Ball

35.9 S

8.4 W

41

112

Possibly  Lower Imbrian

Ball C

37.7 S

8.7 W

31

112

 

Barocius B

44.0 S

18.3 E

39

113

 

Bartels

24.5 N

89.8 W

55

37

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Bayer

51.6 S

35.0 W

47

125

 

Beaumont

18.0 S

28.8 E

53

96

 

Behaim

16.5 S

79.4 E

55

99

 

Bel'kovich A

58.7 N

86.0 E

58

15

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Berosus

33.5 N

69.9 E

74

28

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta, younger than Crisium Basin

Berzelius

36.6 N

50.9 E

50

27

Older than Crisium Basin

Biela

54.9 S

51.3 E

76

128

 

Biela B

56.5 S

49.6 E

43

128

 

Billy

13.8 S

50.1 W

45

74

Partly covered by Orientale ejecta; possibly Lower Imbrian

Blancanus

63.8 S

21.4 W

117

125

 

Blancanus C

66.5 S

28.0 W

46

137

 

Bohnenberger A

17.8 S

40.1 E

30

97

 

Borda

25.1 S

46.6 E

44

97

 

Boss L

50.9 N

82.3 E

40

15

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Boussingault A

69.9 S

54.0 E

72

138

 

Brenner A

40.4 S

40.0 E

32

114

 

Burckhardt E

30.6 N

55.7 E

39

44

Younger than Crisium Basin

Byrgius

24.7 S

65.3 W

87

92

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

C. Mayer B

60.2 N

15.6 E

36

13

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Cabeus B

82.4 S

53.0 W

61

144

 

Cannon

19.9 N

81.4 E

56

45

Older than Crisium Basin, possibly pre-Nectarian

Capella

7.5 S

35.0 E

49

79

 

Capuanus

34.1 S

26.7 W

59

111

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Catharina

18.1 S

23.4 E

104

96

 

Cavendish

24.5 S

53.7 W

56

92

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Censorinus N

1.9 S

36.5 E

36

79

 

Clavius

58.8 S

14.1 W

245

126

 

Cleomedes

27.7 N

56.0 E

125

44

Younger than Crisium Basin

Cleostratus

60.4 N

77.0 W

62

10

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Cleostratus F

61.5 N

80.4 W

50

21

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Colombo

15.1 S

45.8 E

76

79

 

Colombo A

14.1 S

44.4 E

42

79

 

Condorcet

12.1 N

69.6 E

74

62

Younger than Crisium Basin

Condorcet F

8.2 N

73.1 E

37

63

Younger than Crisium Basin

Condorcet P

8.7 N

70.4 E

46

63

Younger than Crisium Basin

Cook

17.5 S

48.9 E

46

97

 

Curtius

67.2 S

4.4 E

95

137

 

Curtius B

63.7 S

4.7 E

41

126

 

Cusanus

72.0 N

70.8 E

63

5

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Cyrillus

13.2 S

24.0 E

98

78

 

Cysatus

66.2 S

6.1 W

48

137

 

de Gasparis

25.9 S

50.7 W

30

92

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

De Sitter

80.1 N

39.6 E

64

1

 

De Sitter A

80.2 N

26.6 E

36

1

 

De Sitter M

81.3 N

38.5 E

81

1

 

De Vico T

18.7 S

61.8 W

41

92

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Debes

29.5 N

51.7 E

30

44

Younger than Crisium Basin

Debes A

28.8 N

51.5 E

33

44

Younger than Crisium Basin

Deluc

55.0 S

2.8 W

46

126

 

Demonax

77.9 S

60.8 E

128

139

 

Descartes

11.7 S

15.7 E

48

78

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Doppelmayer

28.5 S

41.4 W

63

93

 

Drebbel

40.9 S

49.0 W

30

110

Partly covered by Orientale ejecta, possibly  Lower Imbrian

Dubyago

4.4 N

70.0 E

51

62

 

Eimmart

24.0 N

64.8 E

46

44

Younger than Crisium Basin

Endymion

53.9 N

57.0 E

123

14

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Endymion B

59.8 N

67.2 E

59

14

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Epigenes

67.5 N

4.6 W

55

3

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Fermat

22.6 S

19.8 E

38

96

 

Firmicus

7.3 N

63.4 E

56

62

Younger than Crisium Basin

Fourier

30.3 S

53.0 W

51

92

Possibly  Lower Imbrian

Fourier A

30.2 S

49.5 W

32

93

 

Fracastorius

21.5 S

33.2 E

112

97

 

Fraunhofer C

42.9 S

64.7 E

38

115

 

Furnerius Q

39.5 S

67.3 E

30

115

 

Galvani

49.6 N

84.6 W

80

21

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta; possibly pre-Nectarian or Lower Imbrian

Gasssendi

17.6 S

40.1 W

101

93

 

Gaudibert

10.9 S

37.8 E

34

79

 

Gauss

35.7 N

79.0 E

177

28

Younger than Crisium amd Humboldtianum basins

Gauss B

39.7 N

72.1 E

29

28

Younger than Crisium amd Humboldtianum basins

Geber

19.4 S

13.9 E

44

96

 

Gibbs

18.4 S

84.3 E

76

99

 

Goclenius

10.0 S

45.0 E

72

79

Partly covered by later mare deposits

Goddard

14.8 N

89.0 E

89

63

Older than Crisium Basin; possibly pre-Nectarian

Goodacre

32.7 S

14.1 E

46

113

 

Gutenberg

8.6 S

41.2 E

74

79

 

Hagecius E

63.3 S

49.1 E

44

128

 

Hainzel

41.3 S

33.5 W

70

111

 

Hainzel C

41.1 S

32.8 W

38

111

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Halley

8.0 S

5.7 E

36

77

 

Hase

29.4 S

62.5 E

83

98

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Hase D

31.0 S

63.3 E

56

98

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Hausen B

 

 

 

135

Renamed Pilátre

Hayn A

62.9 N

70.5 E

54

15

 

Hayn F

68.0 N

84.0 E

59

5

 

Hecataeus

21.8 S

79.4 E

167

99

 

Heinsius Q

39.9 S

14.5 W

35

111

 

Henry

24.0 S

56.8 W

41

92

Formerly Paul Henry; partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Hesiodus

29.4 S

16.3 W

42

94

 

Hevelius

2.2 N

67.6 W

115

56

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Hippalus

24.8 S

30.2 W

57

93

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Holden

19.1 S

62.5 E

47

98

 

Hommel C

54.8 S

29.6 E

53

127

 

Hooke

41.2 N

54.9 E

36

27

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Hubble

22.1 N

86.9 E

80

45

Younger than Crisium Basin

Huggins

41.1 S

1.4 W

65

112

 

Inghirami

47.5 S

68.8 W

91

109

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Isidorus

8.0 S

33.5 E

42

79

 

Isidorus B

4.5 S

33.0 E

30

79

 

Jacobi C

59.8 S

10.6 E

35

127

 

Jansky

8.5 N

89.5 E

72

63

Younger than Crisium Basin

Jenkins

0.3 N

78.1 E

38

63

Formerly Schubert Z; younger than Crisium Basin

Kircher

67.1 S

45.3 W

72

136

 

Lacroix

37.9 S

59.0 W

37

110

Partly covered by Orientale ejecta; possibly Lower Imbrian

Lamé

14.7 S

64.5 E

84

80

 

Lavoisier D

 

 

 

22

 Renamed  von Braun

Lavoisier E

40.9 N

80.4 W

49

22

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Le Monnier

26.6 N

30.6E

60

43

Possibly pre-Nectarian

Lee

30.7 S

40.7 W

41

93

 

Lexell

35.8 S

4.2 W

62

112

Erroneously shown as Eratosthenian on Plate 10A

Licetus F

46.0 S

1.0 E

32

112

 

Liebig

24.3 S

48.2 W

37

93

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Lilius

54.5 S

6.2 E

61

126

 

Lilius A

55.4 S

8.8 E

41

126

 

Lockyer

46.2 S

36.7 E

34

114

 

Lohrmann

0.5 S

67.2 W

30

74

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Longomontanus

49.6 S

21.8 W

157

125

 

Longomontanus C

53.4 S

19.0 W

31

126

 

Lubiniezky

17.8 S

23.8 W

43

94

 

Lyapunov

26.3 N

89.3 E

66

45

Younger than Crisium Basin

Lyot A

49.0 S

79.6 E

38

129

 

Maclaurin

1.9 S

68.0 E

50

80

Younger than Crisium Basin

Magelhaens

11.9 S

44.1 E

40

79

 

Maginus C

51.7 S

9.4 W

42

126

 

Mallet B

46.6 S

52.0 E

32

114

 

Maraldi

19.4 N

34.9 E

39

43

 

Marinus

39.4 S

76.5 E

58

115

 

Marinus C

38.0 S

73.5 E

37

115

 

Marinus R

38.0 S

75.3 E

44

115

Not on Plate 7A

Mason

42.6 N

30.5 E

33

26

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta; possibly
pre-Nectarian

Maurolycus

42.0 S

14.0 E

114

113

 

Mercator

29.3 S

26.1 W

46

94

Partly covered by later mare deposits

Mercurius

46.6 N

66.2 E

67

28

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Mercurius M

50.9 N

73.9 E

40

15

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Mersenius

21.5 S

49.2 W

84

93

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Mersenius D

23.1 S

46.8 W

34

93

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Mersenius P

23.1 S

46.8 W

34

93

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Messala E

40.0 N

64.9 E

40

28

Older than Humboldtianum and Crisium basins

Metius

40.3 S

43.3 E

87

114

 

Nansen A

82.8 N

63.0 E

46

1

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Nearch A

60.1 S

40.1 E

43

128

 

Neper

8.5 N

84.6 E

137

63

Younger than Crisium Basin

Neper K

4.9 N

85.8 E

40

63

Younger than Crisium Basin

Neumayer

71.1 S

70.7 E

76

139

 

Neumayer A

75.0 S

73.6 E

31

139

 

Newton

76.7 S

16.9 W

78

137

 

Nicolai

42.4 S

25.9 E

42

113

 

No name

24.0  N

89.0 E

55

45

Older than Crisium Basin

Nobili (Schubert Y)

0.2 N

75.9 E

42

63

Younger than Crisium Basin

Nöggerath

48.8 S

45.7 W

30

125

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Oken

43.7 S

75.9 E

71

115

 

Oken N

42.4 S

74.5 E

40

115

 

Olbers

7.4 N

75.9 W

74

55

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Pallas

5.5 N

1.6 W

46

59

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta; possibly pre-Nectarian,

Palmieri

28.6 S

47.7 W

40

93

 

Parry

7.9 S

15.8 W

47

76

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta; possibly pre-Nectarian

Pascal

74.6 N

70.3 W

115

2

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Paul Henry

 

 

 

92

Renamed Henry

Pentland

64.6 S

11.5 E

56

138

 

Pentland A

67.4 S

13.5 E

44

138

 

Pentland C

65.0 S

16.3 E

37

138

 

Petermann

74.2 N

66.3 E

73

5

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Petermann D

77.1 N

65.8 E

31

5

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Phillips

26.6 S

75.3 E

122

99

Covered by ejecta from Imbrian crater Humboldt; possibly pre-Nectarian or Lower Imbrian

Phillips B

23.3 S

70.5 E

40

99

Older than Crisium Basin; possibly pre-Nectarian; mislabeled "D" on LAC 99

Phocylides

52.7 S

57.0 W

121

124

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Pilátre

60.3 S

86.4 W

69

135

Partly covered by Orientale and Hausen ejecta; formerly Hausen B

Pingré

58.7 S

73.7 W

88

124

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Pingré H

 

 

 

124

Renamed Yakovkin

Pingré S

60.3 S

82.0 W

70

135

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Pitatus

29.9 S

13.5 W

106

94

Partly covered by later deposits

Pitiscus

50.4 S

30.9 E

82

127

 

Plana

42.2 N

28.2 E

44

26

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta, possibly pre-Nectarian

Playfair

23.5 S

8.4 E

47

95

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Polybius

22.4 S

25.6 E

41

96

 

Poncelet A

79.5 N

74.7 W

31

2

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Pons

25.3 S

21.5 E

41

96

 

Pontecoulant

58.7 S

66.0 E

91

128

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Porter

56.1 S

10.1 W

51

126

 

Regnault

54.1 N

88.0 W

46

21

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Reichenbach

30.3 S

48.0 E

71

97

 

Reichenbach B

28.4 S

48.0 E

44

97

 

Repsold G

50.5 N

80.6 W

44

21

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Rheita

37.1 S

47.2 E

70

114

 

Riccioli C

0.6 N

73.0 W

31

55

Partly covered by Orientale ejecta, possibly Lower Imbrian

Rocca

12.7 S

72.8 W

89

73

Partly covered by Orientale ejecta, possibly Lower Imbrian

Rosenberger D

57.5 S

42.9 E

50

128

 

Rost

56.4 S

33.7 W

48

125

 

Rost A

56.5 S

36.7 W

39

125

 

Santbech

20.9 S

44.0 E

64

97

 

Schickard E

47.2 S

51.6 W

32

110

Partly covered by Orientale ejecta, possibly Lower Imbrian

Schiller

51.9 S

39.0 W

180

125

 

Schiller C

55.3 S

48.8 W

49

125

 

Schorr A

20.5 S

88.4 E

64

99

Pre-Nectarian, should be on Plate 6A, not 7A

Schröter

2.6 N

7.0 W

35

59

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Schubert

2.8 N

81.0 E

54

63

Younger than Crisium Basin

Schubert Z

 

 

 

34

Renamed Jenkins

Sirsalis A

12.7 S

61.3 W

49

74

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta, possibly  Lower Imbrian

Snellius

29.3 S

55.7 E

82

98

 

Snellius A

27.4 S

53.8 E

37

98

 

Spallanzani

46.3 S

24.7 E

32

113

 

Steinheil

48.6 S

46.5 E

67

128

Possible double impact with Watt

Stiborius A

36.9 S

35.5 E

32

114

 

Strabo

61.9 N

54.3 E

55

14

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Street

46.5 S

10.5 W

57

112

Partly covered by ejecta from Copernican crater Tycho; possibly pre-Nectarian

Sylvester

82.7 N

79.6 W

58

1

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Taylor

5.3 S

16.7 E

42

78

 

Tisserand

21.4 N

48.2 E

36

43

Younger than Crisium Basin

Torricelli R

5.2 S

28.1 E

87

78

Rim surrounds younger 22 km crater Torricelli

Vasco da Gama

13.6 N

83.9 W

83

55

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta, possibly pre-Nectarian

Vendelinus F

18.5 S

65.0 E

32

98

 

Vieta

29.2 S

56.3 W

87

92

 

Vieta A

30.3 S

59.3 W

34

92

 

Vieta B

30.5 S

60.2 W

40

92

 

Vlacq D

27.8 S

54.2 W

8

92

 

von Braun

41.1 N

78.1 W

62

22

Formerly Lavoisier D; partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Voskresenskiy

28.0 N

88.1 W

49

37

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Walter (see Walther)

 

 

 

112

See Walther; IAU changed name

Walther

33.1 S

1.0 E

128

112

Pre-Nectarian; partly covered by Imbrian ejecta; 

Wargentin

49.6 S

60.2 W

84

124

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Watt

49.5 S

48.6 E

66

128

Possible double impact with Steinheil

Weigel B

58.8 S

41.1 W

37

125

 

Weinek

27.5 S

37.0 E

32

97

 

Wurzelbauer D

36.3 S

17.6 W

38

111

 

Yakovkin

54.5 S

78.8 W

37

124

Formerly Pingré H; partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Young C

41.5 S

48.2 E

30

114

 

Young D

43.5 S

51.8 E

46

114

 

Zach

60.9 S

5.3 E

70

126

 

Zeno

45.2 N

72.9 E

65

28

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin, older than Crisium Basin

 


 

Table 2.2 Nectarian System, Farside, Plate 7B

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam. (km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abbe

57.3 S

175.2 E

66

132

 

Abul Wafa

1.0 N

116.6 E

55

65

 

Aitken Y

12.0 S

173.2 E

35

86

 

Al-Biruni

17.9 N

92.5 E

77

46

Older than Crisium Basin

Alden

23.6 S

110.8 E

104

101

 

Alden C

22.5 S

111.4 E

50

101

 

Al-Khwarizmi

7.1 N

106.4 E

65

64

 

Al-Khwarizmi J

6.2N

107.6E

65

64

 

Amici N

11.8 S

172.5 W

39

86

 

Amici R

11.4 S

175.2 W

34

86

 

Anders

41.3 S

142.9 W

40

121

 

Anderson

15.8 N

171.1 E

109

68

 

Anderson F

16.3 N

173.6 E

49

50

 

Anuchin

49.0 S

101.3 E

57

130

 

Appleton

37.2 N

158.3 E

63

32

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Appleton D

38.0 N

160.6 E

37

32

Older than Moscoviense Basin

Appleton R

36.2 N

156.2 E

39

32

Older than Moscoviense Basin

Backlund

16.0 S

103.0 E

75

100

 

Barbier

23.8 S

157.9 E

66

103

Likely to be Nectarian, possibly pre-Nectarian: should be on Plate 7B, not 6B

Barbier U

22.8 S

155.1 E

38

103

 

Barringer

28.0 S

149.7 W

68

106

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Becquerel E

41.0 N

131.5 E

32

31

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Becquerel X

42.2 N

128.1 E

34

30

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Bečvář J

3.6 S

126.6 E

45

83

 

Beijernick J

14.8 S

153.7 E

40

85

 

Bel'kovich

61.1 N

90.2 E

214

15

Not on Plate 7B

Bell

21.8 N

96.4 W

86

54

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta, possibly pre-Nectarian

Bellingsgauzen (Bellingshausen)

60.6 S

164.6 W

63

133

 

Belopol'skiy (Belopolsky)

17.2 S

128.1 W

59

107

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Belyaev

23.3 N

143.5 E

54

48

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Belyaev Q

20.6 N

139.4 E

50

48

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Bergstrand

18.8 S

176.3 E

43

104

 

Bergstrand Q

20.1 S

175.1 E

59

104

 

Berkner

25.2 N

105.2 W

86

54

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Berkner B

29.3 N

104.1 W

33

54

 

Bhabha

55.1 S

164.5 W

64

133

 

Bingham

8.1 N

115.1 E

33

65

 

Birkhoff K

57.8 N

144.3 W

58

19

 

Birkhoff L

56.6 N

144.8 W

37

19

 

Birkhoff Q

56.6 N

150.8 W

43

19

 

Blazhko L

29.3 N

147.6 W

44

52

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Bose

53.5 S

170.0 W

91

132

 

Boyle

53.1 S

178.1 E

57

132

 

Boyle Z

51.3 S

177.7 E

52

132

 

Bragg M

39.1 N

102.5 W

45

36

 

Bragg P

40.0 N

104.4 W

30

36

 

Bredikhin

17.3 N

158.2 W

59

51

Older than Korolev Basin

Bridgman

43.5 N

137.1 E

80

31

Younger than Humboldtianum and Moscoviense basins

Bridgman F

44.0 N

141.2 E

51

31

Older than Moscoviense Basin

Brouwer

36.2 S

126.0 W

158

122

Partly covered by Orientale ejecta, likely pre-Nectarian; should be shown on Plate 6B, not 7B

Buffon

40.4 S

133.4 W

106

122

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Buisson Y

1.4 N

112.6 E

36

65

 

Buys-Ballot

20.8 N

174.5 E

55

50

Probably Nectarian, but age uncertain, part of oblique impact cluster?

Buys-Ballot Y

22.9 N

174.0 E

31

50

Probably Nectarian, but age uncertain, part of oblique impact cluster?

Buys-Ballot Z

22.5 N

174.5 E

58

50

Probably Nectarian, but age uncertain, part of oblique impact cluster?

Cabannes Q

63.3 S

174.5 W

49

132

 

Carnot

52.3 N

143.5 W

126

19

 

Carver

43.0 S

126.9 E

59

117

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Cassegrain

52.4 S

113.5 E

55

130

 

Cassegrain B

49.0 S

114.0 E

39

130

 

Ceraski

 

 

 

131

See Tseraskiy

Ceraski K

 

 

 

131

See Tseraskiy K

Ceraski P

 

 

 

131

See Tseraskiy P

Chaffee

38.8 S

153.9 W

49

121

 

Chaffee F

38.8 S

152.5 W

35

121

 

Chamberlin

58.9 S

95.7 E

58

129

 

Chandler G

43.3 N

175.8 E

33

32

Older than Moscoviense Basin

Chandler P

41.7 N

170.3 E

67

32

Older than Moscoviense Basin

Chang-Heng

19.0 N

112.2 E

43

47

 

Chaplygin

6.2 S

150.3 E

137

85

Younger than Mendleev Basin

Chappe

61.2 S

91.5 W

59

135

Formerly Hausen A

Charlier

36.6 N

131.5 W

99

35

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Charlier Z

39.7 N

131.6 W

46

35

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Chaucer

3.7 N

140.0 W

45

70

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Chauvenet

11.5 S

137.0 E

81

84

 

Chauvenet Q

13.3 S

135.4 E

42

84

 

Chebyshev

33.7 S

133.1 W

178

122

 

Chernyshev

47.3 N

174.2 E

58

32

 

Chretien W

44.3 S

160.8 E

34

119

 

Clark F

38.4 S

122.5 E

27

117

 

Coblentz

37.9 S

126.1 E

33

117

Possibly pre-Nectarian

Cockcroft N

29.1 N

163.7 W

56

51

 

Compton R

52.6 N

91.5 E

37

15

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Comrie

23.3 N

112.7 W

59

53

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Comrie T

23.1 N

115.3 W

43

53

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Congreve

0.2 S

167.3 W

57

87

Younger than  Korolev Basin

Congreve H

1.2 S

165.2 W

37

87

Younger than Korolev Basin

Congreve L

3.6 S

166.3 W

30

87

Younger than Korolev Basin

Congreve Q

1.4 S

169.6 W

59

87

Younger than Korolev Basin

Congreve U

0.6 N

170.7 W

59

68

Younger than Korolev Basin

Cori

50.6 S

151.9 W

65

133

 

Coriolis

0.1 N

171.8 E

78

68

 

Coriolis L

1.9 S

172.7 E

32

86

 

Coriolis M

1.4 S

171.7 E

31

86

 

Coulomb

54.7 N

114.6 W

89

20

 

Coulomb C

57.4 N

110.8 W

34

20

 

Coulomb P

50.5 N

117.4 W

38

20

 

Crocco

47.5 S

150.2 E

75

118

 

Crommelin C

66.4 S

144.8 W

44

142

 

Crookes D

9.6 S

162.8 W

41

87

Younger than Korolev Basin

Curie C

21.1 S

94.1 E

47

100

Partly covered by ejecta from Imbrian crater Sklodowska

Curie E

22.4 S

96.2 E

43

100

Partly covered by ejecta from Imbrian crater Sklodowska

Curie G

23.6 S

94.8 E

53

100

Partly covered by ejecta from Imbrian crater Sklodowska

Curie M

28.4 S

92.5 E

34

100

 

D’Alembert

50.8 N

163.9 E

248

18

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Daedalus G

6.6 S

177.4 W

33

86

 

Danjon

11.4 S

124.0 E

71

83

 

Dante C

28.3 N

177.1 W

54

50

 

De Forest N

79.5 S

164.7 W

41

142

 

De Moraes

49.5 N

143.2 E

53

17

Younger than Moscoviense Basin, older than Humboldtianum Basin

De Moraes S

48.9 N

140.7 E

45

17

Younger than Moscoviense Basin, older than Humboldtianum Basin

Debye E

50.4 N

171.0 W

41

18

 

Denning

16.4 S

142.6 E

44

102

 

Deutsch F

24.1 N

110.5 E

66

47

 

Deutsch L

24.1 N

112.0 E

31

47

 

Dewar

2.7 S

165.5 E

50

85

 

Dobrovol'skiy (Dobrovol'sky)

12.8 S

129.7 E

38

83

 

Donner

31.4 S

98.0 E

58

100

 

Douglass

35.9 N

122.4 W

49

35

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Dreyer

10.0 N

96.9 E

61

64

Very likely Nectarian

Dryden S

33.8 S

158.8 W

30

120

Mislabeled as Dryden T on LAC 120

Dryden T

32.8 S

158.6 W

35

120

Mislabeled as Dryden W on LAC 120

Dufay

5.5 N

169.5 E

39

67

 

Dufay D

6.3 N

170.5 E

32

68

 

Dugan

64.2 N

103.3 E

50

6

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Duner A

47.7 N

179.7 E

38

33

 

Dyson

61.3 N

121.2 W

63

20

 

Dyson B

63.6 N

117.6 W

45

20

 

Dyson M

58.4 N

120.9 W

34

20

 

Dziewulski

21.2 N

98.9 E

63

46

Older than Crisium Basin, possibly pre-Nectarian

Dziewulski Q

20.5 N

98.2 E

32

46

Younger than Crisium Basin

Edison T

24.7 N

97.1 E

48

46

Younger than Crisium Basin

Ehrlich

40.9 N

172.4 W

30

33

 

Eijkman

63.1 S

141.5 W

54

133

 

Einthoven

4.9 S

109.6 E

69

82

 

Einthoven G

5.3 S

111.8 E

34

83

 

Ellison P

52.8 N

109.6 W

32

21

 

Emden D

64.4 N

171.1 W

47

7

 

Emden U

64.7 N

177.9 E

38

7

 

Evdokimov

34.8 N

153.0 W

50

34

Older than Hertzsprung Basin, shown as Evdokimov G on LAC 34

Evdokimov G

33.9 N

150.5 W

48

34

Older than Hertzsprung Basin, shown as Evdokimov on LAC 34

Evershed C

38.1 N

156.7 W

48

34

 

Fechner

59.0 S

124.9 E

63

130

 

Fersman

18.7 N

126.0 W

151

53

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin; partly covered by Orientale ejecta

Firsov V

5.1 N

110.7 E

44

65

 

Fitzgerald

27.5 N

171.7 W

110

50

 

Fitzgerald W

28.7 N

173.8 W

51

50

 

Fitzgerald Y

31.0 N

172.7 W

34

50

 

Fleming

15.0 N

109.6 E

106

64

 

Foster

23.7 N

141.5 W

33

52

 

Foster L

21.0 N

140.5 W

32

52

 

Foster S

22.9 N

143.7 W

36

52

 

Fowler N

40.1 N

146.1 W

39

34

 

Freundlich

25.0 N

171.0 E

85

50

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Freundlich G

24.5 N

173.5 E

25

50

 

Froelich

80.3 N

109.7 W

58

1

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Frost N

35.0 N

119.2 W

43

35

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Gadomski

36.4 N

147.3 W

65

34

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Gadomski X

37.8 N

148.3 W

35

34

Probably younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Galois A

14.0 S

152.5 W

54

87

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Galois L

15.5 S

152.0 W

51

87

Older than Hertzsprung Basin, younger than Korolev Basin

Galois U

13.2 S

154.7 W

35

87

Older than Hertzsprung Basin, younger than Korolev Basin

Gamow

65.3 N

145.3 E

129

7

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Gamow V

66.3 N

139.7 E

49

6

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Ganskiy (Hansky)

9.7 S

97.0 E

43

82

 

Ganswindt

79.6 S

110.3 E

74

140

 

Garavito Q

49.6 S

153.6 E

42

131

 

Garavito Y

45.5 S

155.6 E

52

119

 

Gavrilov

17.4 N

130.9 E

60

48

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Gavrilov K

15.0 N

132.5 E

38

66

Younger than Moscoviense Basin, older than Mendeleev Basin

Geiger R

15.7 S

156.5 E

40

85

 

Gerasimovich

22.9 S

122.6 W

86

107

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Grave

17.1 S

150.3 E

40

103

 

Green R

3.4 N

131.0 E

33

66

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Grissom

47.0 S

147.4 W

58

121

 

Hagen J

49.0 S

137.2 E

47

131

 

Hansky

 

 

 

82

See Ganskiy

Haret C

57.2 S

172.8 W

30

132

 

Harkhebi J

37.4 N

103.4 E

40

29

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Harriot

33.1 N

114.3 E

56

30

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Harriot A

35.6 N

114.9 E

63

30

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Hartmann

3.2 N

135.3 E

61

66

Younger than Mendeleev Basin, possibly Lower Imbrian; should be shown on Plate 7B, not 11B

Harvey

19.5 N

146.5 W

60

52

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Hausen A

 

 

 

135

Renamed Chappe

Hayford T

13.3 N

179.5 E

31

68

Compound impacts

Healy

32.8 N

110.5 W

38

35

 

Healy N

30.9 N

110.8 W

42

53

 

Helberg

22.5 N

102.2 W

62

54

 

Henderson

4.8 N

152.1 E

47

67

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Henderson G

3.6 N

155.8 E

46

67

Older than Mendeleev Basin

Hertz

13.4 N

104.5 E

90

64

 

Hertzsprung (basin)

2.6 N

129.2 W

591

71

 

Hertzsprung S

2.6 N

129.2 W

591

71

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Heymans

75.3 N

144.1 W

50

8

Probably Nectarian, should be shown on Plate 7B, not 8B

Hilbert

17.9 S

108.2 E

151

100

 

Hilbert G

19.0 S

114.0 E

50

101

 

Hilbert L

21.2 S

108.9 E

32

100

 

Hippocrates

70.7 N

145.9 W

60

8

 

Hirayama K

8.3 S

94.9 E

39

82

 

Hirayama Y

4.5 S

93.2 E

50

82

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Hoffmeister

15.2 N

136.9 E

45

66

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Hoffmeister N

13.7 N

136.4 E

42

66

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Hogg

33.6 N

121.9 E

38

30

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Holetschek R

29.0 S

147.5 E

69

102

 

Hopmann

50.8 S

160.3 E

88

132

 

Hutton

37.3 N

168.7 E

50

32

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Ibn Firnas E

7.5 N

125.5 E

42

65

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Icarus

5.3 S

173.2 W

96

86

Younger than Korolev Basin

Icarus J

7.3 S

170.9 W

32

86

Younger than Korolev Basin

Icarus V

3.9 S

176.0 W

36

86

 

Innes Z

29.8 N

119.2 E

33

47

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Jansky F

8.8 N

92.2 E

50

64

Younger than Crisium Basin

Jarvis

34.9 S

147.5 W

38

121

Formerly Borman Z

Jeans X

53.5 S

89.4 E

44

129

 

Joule

27.3 N

144.2 W

96

52

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Jules Verne C

33.2 S

149.7 E

30

118

 

Jules Verne P

38.0 S

145.1 E

62

118

 

Kamerlingh Onnes

15.0 N

115.8 W

66

71

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Karrer

52.1 S

141.8 W

51

133

 

Kekulé

16.4 N

138.1 W

94

52

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Kekulé V

18.4 N

142.0 W

67

52

Not on Plate 7B

Kepinski

28.8 N

126.6 E

31

47

Younger than Moscoviense Basin, older than Humboldtianum Basin

Khvol'son (Khwolson)

13.8 S

111.4 E

54

83

 

Kibal’chich

3.0 N

146.5 W

92

70

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Klute X

39.5 N

143.0 W

40

34

 

Kohlschütter

14.4 N

154.0 E

53

67

Older than Mendeleev Basin

Kohlschütter W

16.3 N

151.2 E

32

49

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Kolhörster

11.2 N

114.6 W

97

71

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Komarov

24.7 N

152.5 E

78

49

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Konstantinov

19.8 N

158.4 E

66

49

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Korolev (basin)

4.0 S

157.4 W

437

87

 

Korolev C

1.3 S

153.2 W

68

87

Older than Hertzsprung Basin, younger than Korolev Basin

Korolev E

3.9 S

153.2 W

37

87

Younger than Hertzsprung  and Korolev basins

Korolev L

6.0 S

156.7 W

30

87

Younger than Hertzsprung and Korolev basins

Korolev M

8.8 S

157.3 W

58

87

Younger than Hertzsprung and Korolev basins

Kostinskiy (Kostinsky)

14.7 N

118.8 E

75

65

 

Kovalevskaya Q

29.4 N

131.0 W

101

52

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Koval'sky H (Koval'skiy H)

22.5 S

102.6 E

37

100

Younger than Korolev Basin

Kozyrev

46.8 S

129.3 E

65

117

Formerly Carver K

Krasovsky J (Krasovskiy J)

3.2 N

174.1 W

32

68

Younger than Korolev Basin

Krasovsky P (Krasovskiy P)

0.8 N

177.3 W

41

68

 

Kugler N

56.3 S

102.8 E

42

130

 

Kulik K

39.1 N

151.6 W

42

34

 

Kurchatov

38.3 N

142.1 E

106

31

Older than Moscoviense Basin

Kurchatov W

40.4 N

140.4 E

33

31

Older than Moscoviense Basin

Lamb

42.9 S

100.1 E

106

116

 

Lampland K

33.0 S

132.5 E

47

118

 

Lampland R

31.7S

129.2E

45

101

 

Lander

15.3 S

131.8 E

40

84

Partly covered by ejecta from Upper Imbrian crater Tsiolkovskiy; not named on LAC 84

Langevin

44.3 N

162.7 E

58

32

Older than Moscoviense Basin

Langmuir

35.7 S

128.4 W

91

122

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Larmor

32.1 N

179.7 W

97

33

 

Leavitt

44.8 S

139.3 W

66

121

Possibly younger than Nectarian

Leavitt Z

42.7 S

133.2 W

65

121

May be dual impact with Leavitt

Lebedinskiy A

10.9 N

163.7 W

38

69

 

Leeuwenhoek

29.3 S

178.7 W

125

104

 

Lemaitre

61.2 S

149.6 W

91

133

 

Lemaitre F

61.4 S

148.4 W

32

133

 

Lemaitre S

61.6 S

156.3 W

34

133

 

Leonov

19.0 N

148.2 E

33

48

Younger than Mendeleev and Moscoviense basins

Leucippus

29.1 N

116.0 W

56

53

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Leucippus X

33.4 N

118.8 W

36

35

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Levi-Civita S

24.1 S

138.8 E

43

102

 

Ley

42.2 N

154.9 E

79

32

Possibly pre-Nectarian

Lindblad

70.4 N

98.8 W

66

9

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta; possibly pre-Nectarian

Lobachevsky M

8.0 N

112.8 E

41

65

 

Lodygin

17.7 S

146.8 W

62

106

 

Lorentz P

31.8 N

98.5 W

38

54

 

Lorentz R

33.4 N

99.2 W

33

36

 

Love G

6.5 S

131.3 E

54

84

Older than Mendeleev Basin

Lyman V

62.6 S

154.2 E

37

131

 

Malyy

21.9 N

105.3 E

41

46

Probably Nectarian, but age uncertain

Mandel'shtam A

5.7 N

162.4 E

64

67

 

Mandel'shtam T

5.7 N

160.4 E

37

67

 

Mandel'shtam Y

9.1 N

161.8 E

32

67

 

Marconi L

11.7 S

145.3 E

38

84

Older than Mendeleev Basin

Mariotte R

30.1 S

141.6 W

33

106

 

Mariotte U

27.9 S

142.8 W

34

106

 

Mariotte Y

23.3 S

140.3 W

46

106

 

Maxwell

30.2 N

98.9 E

107

46

Younger than Humboltianum Basin

McKellar

15.7 S

170.8 W

51

86

 

McKellar T

15.1 S

173.0 W

45

86

 

McKellar U

13.9 S

174.5 W

37

86

 

McMath

17.3 N

165.6 W

86

51

 

Mechnikov

11.0 S

149.0 W

60

88

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Mechnikov C

9.9 S

148.0 W

35

88

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Meggers S

24.0 N

119.8 E

42

47

 

Meitner

10.5 S

112.7 E

87

83

 

Mendel

48.8 S

109.4 W

138

135

Partly covered by Orientale ejecta; possibly pre-Nectarian

Mendel V

46.7 S

116.7 W

66

122

Partly covered by Orientale ejecta; possibly Lower Imbrian

Mendeleev (basin)

5.7 N

140.9 E

313

66

 

Merrill

75.2 N

116.3 W

57

9

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Meshcherskiy

12.2 N

125.5 E

65

65

Older than Mendeleev Basin

Michelson

7.2 N

120.7 W

123

71

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Milankovič

77.2 N

168.8 E

101

7

 

Milankovič E

78.0 N

177.2 W

46

7

 

Millikan

46.8 N

121.5 E

98

30

Younger than HumboldtianumBasin

Millikan Q

43.9 N

118.6 E

33

30

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Mills

8.6 N

156.0 E

32

67

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Milne M

35.7 S

112.1 E

54

117

 

Mitra A

20.8 N

154.1 W

46

51

Older than Hertzsprung and Korolev basins

Mohorovičić

19.0 S

165.0 W

51

105

 

Moiseev Z

11.2 N

103.4 E

80

64

 

Morozov Y

7.3 N

127.0 E

45

65

Older than Mendeleev Basin

Moulton

61.1 S

97.2 E

49

129

 

Moulton H

61.5 S

100.6 E

44

130

 

Nagaoka

19.4 N

154.0 E

46

49

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Nansen

80.9 N

95.3 E

104

1

Older than Humboldtianum Basin; possibly pre-Nectarian

Nassau

24.9 S

177.4 E

76

104

 

Nernst

35.3 N

94.8 W

116

36

 

Neujmin

27.0 S

125.0 E

101

101

 

Neujmin P

28.5 S

124.2 E

38

101

 

Niepce

72.7 N

119.1 W

57

9

Possibly pre-Nectarian, IAU changed spelling from Niépce

Nobel

15.0 N

101.3 W

48

72

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta, possibly pre-Nectarian or Lower Imbrian

Nobel L

12.5 N

100.9 W

38

72

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta, possibly Lower Imbrian

Nöther  (Noether)

66.6 N

113.5 W

67

9

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Nöether T

66.3 N

121.5 W

44

9

 

Numerov

70.7 S

160.7 W

113

142

 

Nuŝl S

31.2 N

164.1 E

42

49

 

Nuŝl Y

34.3 N

166.9 E

51

32

 

Oberth

62.4 N

155.4 E

60

17

 

Obruchev

38.9 S

162.1 E

71

119

Possibly pre-Nectarian

Olcott E

20.9 N

119.8 E

59

47

 

Olivier

59.1 N

138.5 E

69

17

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Oppenheimer

35.2 S

166.3 W

208

120

 

Oppenheimer F

34.7 S

161.5 W

35

120

 

Oppenheimer H

36.5 S

163.1 W

33

120

 

Orlov

25.7 S

175.0 W

81

104

 

Paneth

63.0 N

94.8 W

65

21

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Papaleksi

10.2 N

164.0 E

97

67

 

Paraskevopoulos Y

53.1 N

150.4 W

46

19

 

Parkhurst B

32.0 S

104.4 E

30

100

 

Parkhurst Q

35.0 S

101.6 E

37

116

 

Parsons

37.3 N

171.2 W

40

33

 

Parsons N

37.3 N

171.2 W

40

33

 

Paschen M

16.1 S

140.0 W

94

106

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Pasteur T

11.6 S

100.1 E

41

82

Not on Plate 7B

Pasteur U

9.8 S

101.5 E

37

82

 

Pasteur Y

11.6 S

100.1 E

41

82

 

Pavlov

28.8 S

142.5 E

148

102

 

Pawsey

44.5 N

145.0 E

60

31

Older than Moscoviense Basin

Perel'man

24.0 S

106.0 E

46

100

 

Perkin

47.2 N

175.9 W

62

33

 

Perrine

42.5 N

127.8 W

86

35

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Perrine L

39.2 N

127.2 W

37

35

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Perrine S

42.5 N

128.6 W

63

35

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Petropavlovskiy (Petropavlovsky)

37.2 N

114.8 W

63

35

 

Petzval

62.7 S

110.4 W

90

134

 

Pikel'ner K

50.3 S

124.8 E

36

130

 

Pikel'ner S

48.7 S

120.2 E

62

130

 

Pirquet

20.3 S

139.6 E

65

102

 

Pizzetti

34.9 S

118.8 E

44

117

 

Planck B

56.0 S

137.4 E

46

131

 

Plummer

25.0 S

155.0 W

73

105

 

Plummer N

27.7 S

156.3 W

42

105

 

Pogson

42.2 S

110.5 E

50

117

 

Poincaré R

60.2 S

155.0 E

52

131

 

Poincaré Z

53.7 S

164.9 E

35

132

 

Poynting

18.1 N

133.4 W

128

52

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta; younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Prager C

1.4 S

132.4 E

40

84

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Prandtl

60.1 S

141.8 E

91

131

 

Priestly

57.3 S

108.4 E

52

130

 

Priestly K

59.0 S

110.5 E

35

130

 

Purkyne S

1.8 S

90.6 E

34

82

 

Purkyne U

0.7 S

91.9 E

51

82

 

Quetelet

43.1 N

134.9 W

55

34

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Quetelet T

42.8 N

137.6 W

46

34

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Racah

13.8 S

179.8 W

63

86

 

Raimond

14.6 N

159.3 W

70

69

Younger than Korolev Basin

Ramsay

40.2 S

144.5 E

81

118

 

Razumov

39.1 N

114.3 W

70

35

 

Riedel

48.9 S

139.6 W

47

134

 

Riemann J

37.4 N

90.2 E

39

29

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Roberts M

68.2 N

174.3 W

46

7

Possibly Lower Imbrian: should be on Plate 7B, not 8B

Roberts N

69.0 N

176.3 W

49

7

 

Roche

42.3 S

136.5 E

160

118

 

Roche U

 

 

 

118

See Rosseland

Rosseland

41.0 S

131.0 E

75

118

Formerly Roche U

Rowland

57.4 N

162.5 W

171

19

 

Rowland M

51.9 N

162.4 W

58

19

Possibly pre-Nectarian

Rowland Y

59.1 N

163.0 W

54

19

Probably Lower Imbrian, should be on Plate 8B, not 7B

Saenger

4.3 N

102.4 E

75

64

Possibly pre-Nectarian

Saha

1.6 S

102.7 E

99

82

 

Saha D

0.1 N

107.5 E

35

64

 

Saha N

4.1 S

101.5 E

49

82

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Saha W

0.6 S

101.4 E

34

82

 

Sanford

32.6 N

138.9 W

55

34

 

Sarton

49.3 N

121.1 W

69

20

 

Sarton L

47.0 N

120.0 W

48

35

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Schaeberle

26.2 S

117.2 E

62

101

 

Schjellerup R

68.7 N

152.2 E

54

7

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Schlesinger M

45.2 N

138.5 W

45

34

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Schliemann

2.1 S

155.2 E

80

85

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Schliemann A

1.2 N

155.4 E

64

67

Older than Mendeleev Basin

Schliemann B

2.1 N

156.2 E

32

67

Older than Mendeleev Basin

Schneller

41.8 N

163.6 W

54

33

Not on Plate 7B

Schuster

4.2 N

146.5 E

108

66

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Schwarzschild

70.1 N

121.2 E

212

6

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Schwarzschild K

67.5 N

125.0 E

45

6

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Schwarzschild L

69.3 N

122.1 E

45

6

Lower Imbrian, is named on Plate 8B but shown too far North, should not be on 7B

Scobee

31.1 S

148.9 W

40

106

Formerly Barringer L; possibly pre-Nectarian

Sechenov

7.1 S

142.6 W

62

88

 

Segers M

44.5 N

127.6 E

54

30

Compound impact, age uncertain

Seyfert

29.1 N

114.6 E

110

47

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Seyfert A

30.5 N

114.9 E

53

47

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Sharonov X

14.1 N

172.7 E

36

68

 

Shayn B

34.5 N

173.5 E

35

32

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Shayn H

31.4 N

175.5 E

38

50

 

Shi Shen

76.0 N

104.1 E

43

6

Older than Humboldtianum Basin

Shi Shen Q

74.2 N

96.3 E

45

5

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Siedentopf

22.0 S

135.5 E

61

48

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Siedentopf F

22.1 N

138.5 E

42

48

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Siedentopf G

20.5 N

138.4 E

61

48

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Siedentopf Q

20.7 N

133.7 E

42

48

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Sierpinski

27.2 S

154.5 E

69

103

 

Sikorsky

66.1 S

103.2 E

98

140

 

Sklodowska A

14.7 S

96.5 E

44

82

 

Smoluchowski

60.3 N

96.8 W

83

21

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Sniadecki

22.5 S

168.9 W

43

105

 

Sommerfeld

65.2 N

162.4 W

169

8

 

Spencer Jones W

15.2 N

163.3 E

50

67

 

Stebbins U

65.4 N

147.6 W

44

8

Possibly Lower Imbrian: should be shown on Plate 7B, not 8B

Stein

7.2 N

179.0 E

33

68

 

Steno

32.8 N

161.8 E

31

32

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Steno T

32.7 N

159.7 E

37

32

Older than Moscoviense Basin

Steno U

33.1 N

158.3 E

27

32

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Störmer H

54.8N

150.2E

32

17

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Stratton

5.8 S

164.6 E

70

85

 

Strömgren

21.7 S

132.4 W

61

106

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Strömgren A

17.8 S

131.7 W

51

106

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Strömgren X

17.4 S

134.6 W

42

106

Possibley Lower Imbrian

Sumner

37.5 N

108.7 E

50

30

Older than Humboldtianum Basin, possibly pre-Nectarian

Teisserenc C

33.1 N

134.7 W

47

34

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

ten Bruggencate H

10.0 S

135.6 E

33

84

 

ten Bruggencate Y

6.7 S

134.0 E

57

84

 

Tereshkova

28.4 N

144.3 E

31

48

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Tesla

38.5 N

124.7 E

43

30

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Timiryazev

5.5 S

147.0 W

53

88

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Timiryazev S

6.0 S

149.4 W

53

88

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Timiryazev W

3.0 S

150.0 W

32

88

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Titius Q

28.0 S

98.6 E

46

100

 

Titov

28.6 N

150.5 E

31

49

 

Trumpler

29.3 N

167.1 E

77

49

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Trumpler V

29.8 N

164.0 E

36

49

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Tsander B

9.6 N

147.0 W

55

70

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Tsander V

7.9 N

153.5 W

37

69

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Tseraskiy (Cerasky)

49.0 S

141.6 E

56

131

 

Tseraskiy K (Cerasky K)

53.0 S

144.6 E

45

131

 

Tseraskiy P (Cerasky P)

51.3 S

139.6 E

33

131

 

Tsinger (Tzinger)

56.7 N

175.6 E

44

18

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Valier

6.8 N

174.5 E

67

68

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Van de Graaff

27.4 S

172.2 E

233

104

 

Van Gent

15.4 N

160.4 E

43

67

 

van Rhijn

52.6 N

146.4 E

46

17

 

van't Hoff M

56.8 N

132.1 W

36

20

 

Vavilov D

0.1 S

137.1 W

102

88

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta; younger than Hertzsprung Basin: name is on LAC 70

Vening Meinesz

0.3 S

162.6 E

87

85

 

Vertregt L

21.1 S

171.5 E

38

104

 

Vesalius

3.1 S

114.5 E

61

83

 

Vesalius H

3.9 S

119.0 E

36

83

 

Virtanen Z

16.5 N

176.6 E

31

50

 

Volkov

13.6 S

131.7 E

40

84

Partly covered by ejecta from Upper Imbrian crater Tsiolkovskiy

Volterra

56.8 N

132.2 E

52

17

Older than Humboldtianum basin, possibly pre-Nectarian

Von der Pahlen

24.8 S

132.7 W

56

106

 

Wan-Hoo (Van-Gu)

9.8 S

138.8 W

52

88

Older than Hertzsprung Basin

Waterman

25.9 S

128.0 E

76

101

Partly covered by ejecta from Upper Imbrian crater Tsiolkovskiy

Weber

50.4 N

123.4 W

42

20

 

Wegener

45.2 N

113.3 W

88

35

 

Wegener K

43.3 N

111.9 W

32

35

 

Wiechert

84.5 S

165.0 E

41

144

 

Wiechert P

85.5 S

150.5 E

37

144

 

Wiener

40.8 N

146.6 E

120

31

Younger than Moscoviense Basin

Wilsing W

18.5 S

159.8 W

36

105

Younger than Korolev Basin, slightly mislocated on Plate 7B

Wilsing Z

20.9 S

155.2 W

30

105

Younger than Hertzsprung Basin

Winkler L

40.0 N

178.4 W

31

33

 

Winlock

35.6 N

105.6 W

64

36

 

Wood

43.0 N

120.8 W

78

35

Possibly pre-Nectarian

Yablochkov U

61.9 N

120.8 E

30

16

Younger than Humboldtianum Basin

Zanstra A

4.5 N

125.2 E

36

65

Younger than Mendeleev Basin

Zeeman

75.2 S

133.6 W

190

142

 

Zhiritskiy (Zhiritsky)

24.8 S

120.3 E

35

101

 

Zhukovskiy

7.8 N

167.0 W

81

69

Younger than Korolev Basin

Zsigmondy

59.7 N

104.7 W

65

21

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta

Zsigmondy A

62.8 N

102.6 W

63

21

Partly covered by Imbrian ejecta


Chapter 3. The Imbrian System, Lower Imbrian Series

 

Table 3.1: Lower Imbrian Series, Nearside, Plate 8A

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam. (km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alhazen

15.9 N

71.8 E

32

63

Possiblly Nectarian but younger than Crisium Basin

Arzachel

18.2 S

1.9 W

96

95

 

Auzout

10.3 N

64.1 E

32

62

 

Babbage A

59.0 N

55.1 W

32

10

 

Boguslawsky F

75.3 S

52.5 E

30

138

 

Burckhardt

31.1 N

56.5 E

56

44

 

Calippus

38.9 N

10.7 E

32

26

 

Campanus

28.0 S

27.8 W

48

94

 

Cassini

40.2 N

4.6 E

56

25

 

Crüger

16.7 S

66.8 W

45

92

Possibly Upper Imbrian

Desargues M

70.2 N

73.3 W

85

2

 

Egede

48.7 N

10.6 E

37

13

 

Fontenelle

63.4 N

18.9 W

38

12

 

Franklin

38.8 N

47.7 E

56

27

 

Gilbert M

 

 

 

81

Renamed as Van Vleck

Gilbert N

 

 

 

81

Renamed as Weierstrass

Hahn

31.3 N

73.6 E

84

45

 

Hommel Q

56.1 S

38.4 E

29

127

Mislabeled as Vlacq G on Plate 8A

Inghirami A

44.9 S

65.3 W

34

109

 

Kapteyn A

14.2 S

71.3 E

31

81

 

La Condamine

53.4 N

28.2 W

37

11

 

Lambert F

 

 

 

40

Mislabeled on LAC 40; is Lambert R

Lambert R

23.9 N

20.6 W

55

40

Possibly  Upper Imbrian

Langrenus A

10.7 S

67.2 E

43

80

 

Letronne

10.8 S

42.5 W

116

75

 

Lick

12.4 N

52.7 E

31

62

 

Macrobius

21.3 N

46.0 E

64

43

 

Marius

11.9 N

50.8 W

41

56

Possibly Upper Imbrian

Maupertuis

49.6 N

27.3 W

45

11

 

Miller

39.3 S

0.8 E

61

112

 

Nasireddin

41.0 S

0.2 E

52

112

 

Petavius

25.1 S

60.4 E

188

98

 

Prinz

25.5 N

44.1 W

46

39

 

Sabine

1.4 N

20.1 E

30

60

 

Schubert C

1.8 N

84.6 E

31

63

 

Stadius

10.5 N

13.7 W

69

58

Possibly Upper Imbrian

T. Mayer

15.6 N

29.1 W

33

58

 

T. Mayer W

17.5 N

34.9 W

34

39

Possibly Upper Imbrian

Van Vleck

1.9 S

78.3 E

31

81

Formerly Gilbert M

Vitello

30.4 S

37.5 W

42

93

 

Vlacq G

 

 

 

127

Mislabeled on Plate 8A; is Hommel Q

Weierstrass

1.3 S

77.2 E

33

81

Formerly Gilbert N

Yerkes

14.6 N

51.7 E

36

62

 

 


 

Table 3.2: Lower Imbrian Series, Farside, Plate 8B

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam. (km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alder

48.6 S

177.4 W

77

132

 

Artem’ev

10.8 N

144.4 W

67

70

 

Bolyai D

32.5 S

128.0 E

34

117

Possibly Nectarian

Borman

38.8 S

147.7 W

50

121

 

Bragg H

41.7 N

101.0 W

40

36

 

Brianchon F

 

 

 

9

Mislabeled on Plate 8B: is Brianchon T

Brianchon T

75.8 N

99.8 W

30

9

 

Brunner

9.9 S

90.9 E

53

82

 

Chauvenet C

10.4 S

138.0 E

48

84

 

Compton

55.3 N

103.8 E

162

16

 

Crocco G

47.8 S

152.3 E

42

118

 

Ctesibius

0.8 N

118.7 E

36

65

 

Daedalus

5.9 S

179.4 E

93

86

 

Dawson

67.4 S

134.7 W

45

142

 

Doppler

12.6 S

159.6 W

110

87

 

Dreyer C

11.2 N

98.2 E

37

64

Possibly Nectarian

Ellison

55.1 N

107.5 W

36

21

 

Engel'gardt (Engelhardt)

5.7 N

159.0 W

43

69

 

Fányi

 

 

 

123

Mislabeled on Plate 8B: is Fényi

Fényi

44.9 S

105.1 W

38

123

 

Firsov

4.5 N

112.2 E

51

65

Possibly Nectarian

Fowler C

45.0 N

141.9 W

32

34

 

Green

4.1 N

132.9 E

65

66

 

Grigg

12.9 N

129.4 W

36

71

 

Grissom M

49.1 S

147.7 W

38

133

 

Gullstrand

45.2 N

129.3 W

43

35

 

Harkhebi H

39.3 N

99.8 E

30

29

Possibly Nectarian

Heymans

75.3 N

144.1 W

50

8

Probably Nectarian, should be shown on Plate 7B, not 8B

Hilbert E

16.5 S

111.8 E

40

101

 

Hutton P

35.7 N

167.4 E

42

32

 

Innes S

27.6 N

117.3 E

33

47

 

Karpinskiy

73.3 N

166.3 E

92

7

 

Keeler

10.2 S

161.9 E

160

85

 

Kidinnu

35.9 N

122.9 E

56

30

 

Kramers C

55.0 N

125.6 W

60

20

Possibly Upper Imbrian, not on Plate 8B

Kramers U

54.2 N

132.4 W

38

20

 

Lebedinskiy

8.3 N

164.3 W

62

69

 

Lebedinskiy K

 

 

 

69

Mislabeled and mislocated on Plate 8B: is Lebedinskiy P

Lebedinskiy P

6.0 N

165.0 W

51

69

 

Lipskiy V

1.2 S

178.7 E

36

86

 

Lomonosov

27.3 N

98.0 E

92

46

 

Marconi

9.6 S

145.1 E

73

84

 

Mendel J

51.6 S

107.4 W

58

135

 

Millikan R

46.0 N

117.7 E

49

30

 

Milne K

32.5 S

113.1 E

65

117

 

Montgolfier P

46.1 N

160.9 W

36

33

 

Nijland

33.0 N

134.1 E

35

31

 

No name

44.2 S

148.1 W

36

121

Between Grissom and Borman M on Plate 8B

No name

44.2 S

146.1 W

36

121

Between Grissom and Borman M on Plate 8B

Nöther (Noether) U

67.6 N

123.4 W

36

9

 

Oppenheimer U

34.3 S

167.9 W

38

120

 

Paschen L

16.4 S

139.5 W

38

106

 

Pauli

44.5 S

137.5 E

84

118

 

Pavlov G

29.1 S

145.4 E

43

102

 

Polzunov N

23.7 N

113.8 E

35

47

 

Racah N

17.0 S

179.0 E

35

104

 

Roberts M

68.2 N

174.3 W

46

7

Probably Nectarian: should be shown on Plate 7B, not 8B

Rowland Y

59.1 N

163.0 W

54

19

Possibly Nectarian: should be shown on plate 8B, not 7B

Rumford

28.8 S

169.8 W

61

105

 

Saha J

4.0 S

105.3 E

52

82

 

Schrödinger

75.0 S

132.4 E

312

140

 

Schuster R

3.5 N

144.8 E

40

66

 

Schwarzschild L

69.3 N

122.1 E

45

6

Shown too far North on Plate 8B

Shayn F

33.0 N

175.5 E

38

32

 

Siedentopf H

20.9 N

137.2 E

42

48

 

Slipher

49.5 N

160.1 E

69

18

 

Spencer Jones

13.3 N

165.6 E

85

67

 

St. John W

 

 

 

66

Mislabeled on Plate 8B: is St. John X

St. John X

13.9 N

147.4 E

30

66

 

Stebbins U

65.4 N

147.6 W

44

8

Probably Nectarian: should be shown on Plate 7B, not 8B

Thiel

40.7 N

134.5 W

32

34

 

Van der Waals W

41.3 S

117.1 E

46

117

 

Van Gent N

13.5 N

160.0 E

32

67

 

Van Rijn T

52.2 N

140.0 E

35

17

Mislabled as Van Riln T on LAC 17

Van't Hoff N

57.9 N

132.3 W

46

20

 

Walker W

24.6 S

164.3 W

44

105

 

Watson G

63.3 S

120.3 W

34

134

 

Wexler

69.1 S

90.2 E

51

139

 

Wiener Q

39.5 N

145.0 E

30

31

Possibly Nectarian

Zeeman Y

72.8 S

137.6 W

33

142

 

 


Chapter 4. The Imbrian System, Upper Imbrian Series

 

Table 4.1: Upper Imbrian Series, Nearside, Plate 9A

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam.

(km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abenezra

21.0 S

11.9 E

42

96

 

Archimedes

29.7 N

4.0 W

82

41

 

Atlas

46.7 N

44.4 E

87

27

 

Baade

44.8 S

81.8 W

55

109

 

Back

1.1 N

80.7 E

35

63

Probably Upper Imbrian, should be shown on Plate 9A

Bernoulli

35.0 N

60.7 E

47

28

 

Bianchini

48.7 N

34.3 W

38

11

 

Boss

45.8 N

89.2 E

47

29

Probably Upper Imbrian; possibly Lower Imbrium, should be shown on Plate 9A

Briggs

26.5 N

69.1 W

37

38

 

C. Mayer

63.2 N

17.3 E

38

13

 

Cardanus

13.2 N

72.5 W

49

55

 

Damoiseau

4.8 S

61.1 W

36

74

 

Dalton

17.1 N

84.3 W

60

37

 

Davy

11.8 S

8.1 W

34

77

 

Delambre

1.9 S

17.5 E

51

78

 

Democritus

62.3 N

35.0 E

39

13

 

Eichstadt

22.6 S

78.3 W

49

91

 

Einstein A

16.7 N

88.2 W

51

37

 

Endymion A

54.7 N

62.8 E

30

14

 

Endymion C

58.4 N

60.8 E

32

14

 

Faraday G

45.8 S

10.1 E

31

113

 

Graff

42.4 S

88.6 W

36

123

 

Gum S

39.8 S

85.0 E

33

116

 

Hagecius K

61.2 S

52.0 E

31

128

 

Hansen

14.0 N

72.5 E

39

63

 

Hansteen

11.5 S

52.0 W

44

74

 

Hell

32.4 S

7.8 W

33

112

 

Henry Fréres 

23.5 S

58.9 W

42

92

Formerly Prosper Henry

Hercules A

 

 

 

14

Renamed Keldysh

Herodotus

23.2 N

49.7 W

34

39

 

Humboldt

27.0 S

80.9 E

189

99

 

Kant

10.6 S

20.1 E

33

78

 

Keldysh

51.2 N

43.6 E

33

14

Formerly Hercules A

Kies

26.3 S

22.5 W

45

94

 

Kopff

17.4 S

89.6 W

41

91

 

Krafft

16.6 N

72.6 W

51

37

 

Krasnov

29.9 S

79.6 W

40

91

 

La Perouse

10.7 S

76.3 E

77

81

 

Lansberg

0.3 S

26.6 W

38

76

 

Le Gentil

 

 

 

136

Mislabeled on Plate 9A: is Le Gentil A

Le Gentil A

74.6 S

52.4 W

33

136

 

Lindenau

32.3 S

24.9 E

53

113

 

Magelhaens A

12.6 S

45.0 E

32

79

 

Mairan

41.6 N

43.4 W

40

23

 

Markov

53.4 N

62.7 W

40

10

 

Monge

19.2 S

47.6 E

36

97

 

Neander

31.3 S

39.9 E

50

97

 

Neumayer M

71.6 S

78.5 E

31

139

 

Nonius L

33.5 S

3.5 E

31

112

 

Piccolomini

29.7 S

32.2 E

87

97

 

Plato

51.6 N

9.4 W

109

12

 

Pontecoulant J

61.6S

64.3E

39

128

 

Posidonius

31.8 N

29.9 E

95

42

 

Prosper Henry

 

 

 

92

Renamed Henry Fréres

Rayleigh A

 

 

 

45

Renamed Urey

Riemann A

37.3 N

86.5 E

48

29

 

Schlüter

5.9 S

83.3 W

89

73

 

Schlüter A

9.2 S

82.4 W

37

73

 

Schomberger

76.7 S

24.9 E

85

138

 

Schorr

19.5 S

89.7 E

53

99

 

Seleucus

21.0 N

66.6 W

43

38

 

Shaler

32.9 S

85.2 W

48

109

 

Sharp

45.7 N

40.2 W

39

23

 

Stiborius

34.4 S

32.0 E

43

113

 

Tacitus

16.2 S

19.0 E

39

96

 

Thebit

22.0 S

4.0 W

56

95

 

Timaeus

62.8 N

0.5 W

32

12

 

Tralles

28.4 N

52.8 E

43

44

 

Urey

27.9 N

87.4 E

38

45

Formerly Rayleigh A

Vitruvius

17.6 N

31.3 E

29

43

 

Wilhelm D

41.8 S

17.7 W

32

111

 

Wrottesley

23.9 S

56.8 E

57

98

 

Xenophanes A

60.1 N

84.8 W

42

21

 

Zagut B

32.1 S

18.7 E

32

113

 

 


 

Table 4.2: Upper Imbrian Series, Farside, Plate 9B

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam.

(km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aitken

16.8 S

173.4 E

135

104

 

Aitken Z

15.1 S

173.3 E

33

86

 

Antoniadi

69.7 S

172.0 W

143

141

 

Bjerknes

38.4 S

113.0 E

48

117

 

Blazhko

31.6 N

148.0 W

54

52

 

Butlerov

12.5 N

108.7 W

40

72

 

Cantor

38.2 N

118.6 E

81

30

 

Carnot F

52.5 N

138.9 W

35

20

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Carver L

45.2 S

127.8 E

33

117

 

Chant

40.0 S

109.2 W

33

123

 

Coulomb N

50.6 N

115.8 W

32

20

Possibly Eratosthenian but should be shown on Plate 9b, not 10B

D’Alembert Z

55.4 N

165.6 E

44

18

 

Dante

25.5 N

180.0 E

54

50

Possibly Lower Imbrian

De Forest

77.3 S

162.1 W

57

142

 

De Roy X

52.7 S

101.3 W

30

135

 

De Vries

19.9 S

176.7 W

59

104

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Delporte

16.0 S

121.6 E

45

101

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Dirichlet

11.1 N

151.4 W

47

69

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Doerfel

69.1 S

107.9 W

68

143

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Doerfel  S

69.9 S

119.6 W

32

143

 

Dryden

33.0 S

155.2 W

51

121

 

Drygalski P

81.0 S

99.9 W

30

144

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Fizeau

58.6 S

133.9 W

111

134

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Fridman (Friedmann)

12.6 S

126.0W

 

89

Pre-Nectarian: should be shown on Plate 6B, not 9B

Gamow U

66.7 N

137.0 E

39

6

 

Geiger

14.6 S

158.5 E

34

85

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Gerasimovich R

24.1 S

125.9 W

55

107

 

Ginzel H

12.7 N

100.1 E

50

64

 

Glazenap

1.6 S

137.6 E

43

84

 

Golitsyn

25.1 S

105.0 W

36

108

 

Golovin

39.9 N

161.1 E

37

32

 

Grachev

3.7 S

108.2 W

35

90

Possibly Eratosthenian but should be shown on Plate 9B, not 10B

Hale

74.2 S

90.8 E

83

139

 

Hertzsprung V

5.2 N

133.3 W

39

70

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Holetscheck

27.6 S

150.9 E

38

103

 

Ioffe

14.4 S

129.2 W

86

89

Erroneously labeled Friedmann on Plate 9B; misspelled "Loffe" on LAC 89

Jenner

42.1 S

95.9 E

71

116

 

Joule T

27.7 N

148.2 W

37

52

 

Katchalsky

5.9 N

116.1 E

32

65

 

Korolev F

4.6 S

152.6 W

31

87

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Kovalevskaya

30.8 N

129.6 W

115

53

 

Krasovskiy

3.9 N

175.5 W

59

68

 

Kuo Shou Ching

8.4 N

133.7 W

34

70

 

Lacchini

41.7 N

107.5 W

58

36

 

Lane

9.5 S

132.0 E

55

84

 

Langemak

10.3 S

118.7 E

97

83

 

Larmor Z

33.7 N

179.8 W

49

33

 

Lindblad F

70.6 N

94.3 W

42

9

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Lobachevskiy

9.9 N

112.6 E

84

65

 

Lovelace

82.3 N

106.4 W

54

1

 

Lowell

12.9 S

103.1 W

66

90

 

Lucretius

8.2 S

120.8 W

63

89

 

Lundmark G

40.5 S

155.5 E

35

119

 

Lyman

64.8 S

163.6 E

84

141

 

Maksutov

40.5 S

168.7 W

83

120

 

Mandel’shtam R

4.5 N

159.8 E

57

67

 

Mariotte

28.5 S

139.1 W

65

106

Unusual compound feature

McLaughlin U

47.1 N

92.9 W

79

36

 

Mendeleev  Q

 

 

 

66

Mislabeled on Plaate 9B: is Schuster Q

Montgolfier Y

50.5 N

161.3 W

40

19

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Nikolaev

35.2 N

151.3 E

41

31

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Nušl

32.3 N

167.6 E

61

32

 

Oresme V

40.5 S

165.6 E

51

119

 

Pease

12.5 N

106.1 W

38

72

 

Perrine T

42.4 N

130.2 W

34

35

 

Pikel'ner

47.9 S

123.3 E

47

117

 

Plaskett

82.1 N

174.3 E

109

1

 

Plummer M

26.8 S

154.9 W

41

105

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Saenger P

2.7 N

101.7 E

41

64

 

Scaliger

27.1 S

108.9 E

84

100

 

Schjellerup

69.7 N

157.1 E

62

7

 

Schuster Q

1.0 N

143.4 E

45

66

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Siedentopf  M

19.0 N

135.5 E

31

48

 

Sklowdowska

18.2 S

95.5 E

127

100

 

Smoluchowski H

59.5 N

92.7 W

41

21

Possibly Eratosthenian

Stebbins C

67.7 N

133.6 W

39

8

 

Steklov

36.7 S

104.9 W

36

123

 

Stetson E

39.4 S

117.0 W

38

122

 

Störmer

57.3 N

146.3 E

69

17

 

Tiselius

7.0 N

176.5 E

53

68

 

Tsiolkovskiy

21.2 S

128.9 E

185

101

 

Van’t Hoff F

61.5 N

126.2 W

41

20

 

Vashakidze

43.6 N

93.3 E

44

29

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Vening Meinesz W

1.5 N

161.0 E

39

67

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Vesalius M

5.7 S

114.5 E

31

83

 

Vetchinkin F

10.0 N

134.0 E

30

66

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Von Neumann

40.4 N

153.2 E

78

31

 

White

44.6 S

158.3 W

39

120

 

Woltjer

45.2 N

159.6 W

46

33

Possibly Lower Imbrian

Zelinskiy

28.9 S

166.8 E

53

103

 

Zhukovskiy W

9.8 N

170.3 W

31

68

Possibly Lower Imbrian; not labled on LACs


Chapter 5. The Eratosthenian System

 

There have been several revisons of strata assignments between the Eratosthenian and Copernican systems, especially for farside craters. In some cases, other systems are involved. There are three reasons for this: new understanding of the maturity of rays, the lower resolution of currently available farside photography, and correction of the original maps. The new assignments are characterized as unambiguous, probable and possible.

 

If a crater appears on the Eratosthenian maps, it is entered on the table corresponding to its location. If it has been reassigned as probably or unambiguously in another strata the comment indicates the plate where it should appear and it also is entered on the corresponding table. An entry is made in the tables of this chapter when a crater has been reassigned to the Eratosthenian System as probable or unambiguous.

 

If a crater is deemed just possibly to belong to another strata, no entry is made there unless it has appeared in the corresponding plate.

 

Table 5.1: Eratosthenian System, Nearside, Plate 10A

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam. (km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agrippa

4.1 N

10.5 E

44

60

 

Aristoteles

50.2 N

17.4 E

87

13

 

Balboa A

17.4 N

81.9 W

47

37

 

Bullialdus

20.7 S

22.2 W

60

94

 

Cavalerius

5.1 N

66.8 W

57

56

 

Cepheus

40.8 N

45.8 E

39

27

 

Cichus

33.3 S

21.1 W

40

111

 

Delmotte

27.1 N

60.2 E

32

44

 

Eratosthenes

14.5 N

11.3 W

58

58

 

Fabricius

42.9 S

42.0 E

78

114

 

Geminus

34.5 N

56.7 E

85

27

 

Hainzel A

40.3 S

33.9 W

53

111

 

Hamilton

42.8 S

84.7 E

57

116

 

Hausen

65.0 S

88.1 W

167

143

 

Hayn E

67.1 N

66.4 E

42

5

 

Helmholtz D

66.3 S

54.3 E

46

138

 

Hercules

46.7 N

39.1 E

69

27

 

Herschel

5.7 S

2.1 W

40

77

 

Hommel B

55.3 S

37.0 E

33

127

 

Lambert

25.8 N

21.0 W

30

40

 

Langrenus

8.9 S

61.1 E

127

80

 

Lexell

 

 

 

112

Mislabeled on Plate 10A: is Lexell A

Lexell A

36.9 S

1.4 W

34

112

 

Manilius

14.5 N

9.1 E

38

59

 

Moretus

70.6 S

5.8 W

111

137

 

Newcomb

29.9 N

43.8 E

41

43

 

Nicholson

26.2 S

85.1 W

38

91

 

Pettit

27.5 S

86.6 W

35

91

Mislabeled as Petit on Plate 10A

Plinius

15.4 N

23.7 E

43

60

 

Plutarch

24.1 N

79.0 E

68

45

 

Pythagoras

63.5 N

63.0 W

142

10

 

Reichenbach A

28.3 S

49.0 E

34

97

 

Reiner

7.0 N

54.9 W

29

56

 

Reinhold

3.3 N

22.8 W

42

58

 

Rothmann

30.8 S

27.7 E

42

96

 

Scoresby

77.7 N

14.1 E

55

4

 

Sirsalis

12.5 S

60.4 W

42

74

 

Theophilus

11.4 S

26.4 E

110

78

 

Timocharis

13.1 S

13.1 W

33

40

 

Werner

28.0 S

3.3 E

70

95

 

Wright

31.6 S

86.6 W

39

91

 

Zeno B

44.0 N

71.0 E

37

28

 

 


 

Table 5.2: Eratosthenian System, Farside, Plate 10B.

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam. (km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amici T

9.7 S

174.0 W

43

86

Possibly Upper or Lower Imbrian

Birkeland

30.2 S

173.9 E

82

104

 

Bok

20.2 S

171.6 W

45

104

 

Chebeyshev U

33.3 S

137.0 W

36

121

 

Coriolis Y

3.6 N

171.2 E

31

68

Probably Eratosthenian, possibly Copernican; should be shown on Plate 10B, not 11B

Coulomb N

50.6 N

115.8 W

32

20

Probably Upper Imbrian, possibly Eratosthenian, should be shown on Plate 9b, not 10B

Dante E

26.7 N

177.0 W

43

50

 

Doppler B

11.8 S

159.4 W

37

87

Not labled on LAC 87

Ellerman

25.3 S

120.1 W

47

107

 

Finsen

42.0 S

177.9 W

72

120

 

Foster P

20.2 N

143.5 W

36

52

Possibly Upper Imbrian

Grachev

3.7 S

108.2 W

35

90

Probably Upper Imbrian, should be shown on Plate 9B, not 10B

Grotrian

66.5 S

128.3 E

37

140

 

Harriot W

35.0 N

111.7 E

39

30

Possibly Upper Imbrian

Holetschek Z

26.3 S

150.9 E

30

103

 

Innes

27.8 N

119.2 E

42

47

 

Izsak

23.3 S

117.1 E

30

101

Misspelled Iszak on Plate 10B

Jules Verne G

35.1 S

150.0 E

42

118

Possibly Upper Imbrian

Kirkwood

68.8 N

156.1 W

67

8

 

Klute W

38.2 N

143.0 W

31

34

Possibly Copernican

Korolev W

0.4 S

160.3 W

34

87

Possibly Upper Imbrian

Leuschner

1.8 N

108.8 W

49

72

 

Lovell

36.8 S

141.9 W

34

121

Possibly Upper Imbrian

Maunder

14.6 S

93.8 W

55

90

 

Moiseev

9.5 N

103.3 E

59

64

 

Morse

22.1 N

175.1 W

77

50

 

Ohm

18.4 N

113.5 W

64

53

Copernican; should be shown on Plate 11B, not 10B

Olcott

20.6 N

117.8 E

81

47

 

Oppenheimer V

32.0 S

172.7 W

32

104

Possibly Upper Imbrian

Pasteur D

8.8 S

108.8 E

36

82

Probably Eratosthenian. possibly Copernican; should be shown on Plate 10B, not 11B

Petrie

45.3 N

108.4 E

33

30

 

Perrine E

42.8 N

124.9 W

40

35

Probably Eratosthenian, possibly Copernican or Upper Imbrian; should be shown on Plate 10B, not 11B

Planté

10.2 S

163.3 E

37

85

 

Pogson F

42.0 S

114.6 E

35

117

 

Ricco

75.6 N

176.3 E

65

7

 

Robertson

21.8 N

105.2 W

88

54

Should be shown on Plate 10B, not 11B

Rowland J

53.1 N

155.5 W

49

19

 

Rozhdestvenskiy K

82.7 N

144.6 W

42

1

 

Rydberg

46.5 S

96.3 W

49

123

 

Sharonov

12.4 N

173.3 E

74

68

Probably Eratosthenian, possibly Upper Imbrian; should be shown on Plate 10B, not 11B

Shirakatsi

12.1 S

128.6 E

51

83

 

Stearns

34.8 N

162.6 E

36

32

 

Van Gent X

16.4 N

159.7 E

38

49

 

Virtanen

15.5 N

176.7 E

44

68

Copernican; should be shown on Plate 11B, not 10B

Von der Pahlen H

27.1 S

127.5 W

35

107

 

Wiechert J

85.6 S

177.0 W

34

144

 

Wilsing C

19.0 S

153.0 W

33

105

 

Zhukovskiy Z

10.0 N

166.8 W

34

69

 


Chapter 6. The Copernican System

 

As mentioned in the introductory note for Chapter 5, there have been some revised assignments between the Copernican and other systems. The same conventions have been used in the Comments column to reflect these changes.

 

Table 6.1: Copernican System, Nearside, Plate 11A

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam.(km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anaxagoras

73.4 N

10.1 W

50

3

 

Aristarchus

23.7 N

47.4 W

40

39

 

Aristilllus

33.9 N

1.2 E

55

25

 

Autolycus

30.7 N

1.5 E

39

41

 

Bürg

45 N

28.2 E

39

26

 

Carpenter

69.4 N

50.9 W

59

2

 

Copernicus

9.7 N

20.1 W

93

58

 

Eudoxus

44.3 N

16.3 E

67

26

 

Faraday C

43.3 S

8.1 E

30

112

 

Gassendi A

15.5 S

39.7 W

33

75

 

Glushko

8.4 N

77.6 W

43

55

Formerly Olbers A

Godin

1.8 N

10.2 E

34

60

 

Harpalus

52.6 N

43.4 W

39

11

 

Hayn

64.7 N

85.2 E

87

5

 

Kepler

8.1 N

38.0 W

31

57

 

Olbers A

 

 

 

55

Renamed Glushko

Palitzsch B

26.4 S

68.4 E

39

98

 

Petavius B

19.9 S

57.1 E

33

98

 

Philolaus

72.1 N

32.4 W

70

3

 

Römer

25.4 N

36.4 E

39

43

 

Rutherford

60.9 S

12.1 W

48

126

 

Schomberger A

78.8 S

24.4 E

31

138

 

Stevinus

32.5 S

54.2 E

74

114

 

Taruntius

5.6 N

46.5 E

56

61

 

Thales

61.8 N

50.3 E

31

14

 

Tycho

43.4 S

11.1 W

102

112

 

Zucchius

61.4 S

50.3 W

64

124

 

 


 

Table 6.2: Copernican System, Farside, Plate 11B

Feature

Latitude

Longitude

Diam. (km)

LAC

Comments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bel’kovich K

63.8 N

93.6 E

47

15

 

Birkhoff Z

61.3 N

145.3 W

30

19

 

Coriolis Y

3.6 N

171.2 E

31

68

Probably Eratosthenian, possibly Copernican; should be shown on Plate 10B, not 11B

Crookes

10.3 S

164.5 W

49

87

 

Das

26.6 S

136.8 W

38

106

 

Guthnick

47.7 S

93.9 W

36

123

 

Hartmann

3.2 N

135.3 E

61

66

Nectarian, possibly Lower Imbrian; should be shown on Plate 7B, not 11B

Jackson

22.4 N

163.1 W

71

51

 

King

5.0 N

120.5 E

76

65

 

Milne N

35.5 S

110.8 E

37

117

 

Necho

5.0 S

123.1 E

30

83

 

O’Day

30.6 S

157.5 E

71

103

Possibly Eratosthenian

Ohm

18.4 N

113.5 W

64

53

Should be shown on Plate 11B, not 10B

Pasteur D

8.8 S

108.8 E

36

82

Probably Eratosthenian, possibly Copernican; should be shown on Plate 10B, not 11B

Perrine E

42.8N

124.9 W

40

35

Probably Eratosthenian or possibly Upper Imbrian, should be shown on Plate 10B, not 11B

Robertson

21.8 N

105.2 W

88

54

Eratosthenian, should be shown on Plate 10B, not 11B

Sharonov

12.4 N

173.3 E

74

68

Eratosthenian or possibly Upper Imbrian, should be shown on Plate 10B, not 11B

Vavilov

0.8 S

137.9 W

98

88

 

Virtanen

15.5 N

176.7 E

44

68

Should be shown on Plate 11B, not 10B

Von Neumann F

 

 

 

31

Mislabeled on Plate 11B: is part of Wiener F

Wiener F

41.2 N

150.0 E

47

31

 

 


Chapter 7: Revised Strata Assigments

 

Feature

Former Stratum

Revised Stratum

 

 

 

Baco

Pre-Nectarian

Nectarian

Balboa

Pre-Nectarian

Nectarian

Barbier

Pre-Nectarian

Nectarian

Brouwer

Nectarian

Pre-Nectarian

Coriolis Y

Copernican

Eratosthenian

Coulomb N

Eratosthenian

Upper Imbrian

Fridman (Friedmann)

Upper Imbrian

Pre-Nectarian

Grachev

Eratosthenian

Upper Imbrian

Hartmann

Copernican

Nectarian

Heymans

Lower Imbrian

Nectarian

Ohm

Eratosthenian

Copernican

Pasteur D

Copernican

Eratosthenian

Perrine E

Copernican

Eratosthenian

Roberts M

Lower Imbrian

Nectarian

Robertson

Copernican

Eratosthenian

Rowland Y

Nectarian

Lower Imbrian

Schorr A

Nectarian

Pre-Nectarian

Schwarzschild L

Lower Imbrian, Nectarian

Lower Imbrian only

Sharanov

Copernican

Eratosthenian

Stebbins U

Lower Imbrian

Nectarian

Virtanen

Eratosthenian

Copernican